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psych memory 1

QuestionAnswer
how does memory work learning, storage, retrieval
difference between memory and remembering memory can be implicit (i.e. without remembering). Remembring is a process within memory - learning, retention and !retrieval!
amnesia causes psychological trauma, head injuries, vascular accident, alcoholism, encephalitis, dementia
amnesia memory loss (temporary or permanent)
types of amnesia retrograde & anterograde
direct measures of memory designed to study explicit memory. require a conscious expression of memory. eg free- recall, cued recall, recognition
indirect measures of memory designed to study implicit memory. do not require a conscious expression of memory. eg conceptual, factual, lexical and perceptual knowledge tests, procedural knowledge,tower of hanoi
Graf and Mander (1984) memory test 2 conditions: semantic encoding (like and dislike judgments) and perceptual encoding (number of enclosed spaces and line intersections). retrieval: cues recall (direct) and word completion (indirect)
procedural memory non-declarative, implicit
semantic memory factual knowledge, implict
episodic memory personal, autobiographical for events, explicit
working memory short term, primary, comprised of different sub systems. entral control mechanism of cognitive processes. explicit
perceptual representation system (PRS) system involved in priming.
Tripartite memory system (Tulving, 1985) episodic - semantic - procedural
procedural system kind of consciousness anoetic(a state of 'non-knowing' consciousness. often called procedural or implicit memory, bound to the immediate time and place.)
semantic system kind of consciousness noetic (semantic memory, knowing about the world, recognising and thinking about things without necessarily linking them to a personal past experience)
episodic system kind of consciousness autonoetic (allows for mental time travel, highly developed self knowing consciousness. linked to episodic memory)
what has episodic memory evolved from semantic memory. specifcally a human memory system. and is oriented to the past, which allows for conscious re-experiencing of the past.
characteristics of retrograde amnesia affects only personal experiences. knowledge of personal facts intact.
characteristics of anterograde amnesia personal experiences and semantic informtaion. Lack of appreciation of subjectively experienced time and autonoetic awareness
what is a memory system? a specific class of functions, a list of properties and relations (rules of functioning, types of information, neural substrate), convergent dissociations
semantic dementia characteristics loss of vocab: comprehension and expression, problems to recognise familiar people and objects, impairment in skills that require access to conceptual knowledge, retention of recent memories, loss of old memories. WORKING MEMORY AND PROCEDURAL UNIMPAIRED
what causes semantic dementia? related with damage in frontal and temporal areas. Impairment in semantic memory
alzheimer disease characteristics impaired working memory (dis-executive syndrome), impaired episodic memory, impaired semantic memory, UNIMPAIRED PROCEDURAL
normal aging characteristics slower working memory (central executive), forgetting in episodic memory (sometimes), unimpaired semantic memory (slower retrieval sometimes), UNIMPAIRED PROCEDURAL
diagnostic criteria for AAMI (Age Associated Memory Impairment) age above 50, subjective memory complaints (names, telephone numbers, adresses etc), memory performance in standardized tests of secondary memory (1 SD from the mean)
Created by: ailbhe.10
 

 



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