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hgap vocab

QuestionAnswer
Travel to natural areas of ecological value in support of conservation efforts and socially just economic development Ecotourism
Processes that remove or sequester (store) carbon from the atmosphere to make up for CO 2 emissions elsewhere Carbon Offsets
Achieving zero CO 2 releases through a combination of emissions reduction and carbon removal Carbon Neutrality
Producing two forms of energy from one fuel Cogeneration
A long-term shift in global or regional climate patterns Climate Change
Contamination originating from multiple, diffuse sources Nonpoint Source Pollution
Any single identifiable source from which contaminants are discharged, such as a pipe or smokestack Point Source Pollution
The contamination of the physical (air, water, earth) and biological components of the environment to the point that normal functions are negatively affected Environmental Pollution
The consumption of natural resources faster than they can be replenished Resource Depletion
Development that meets present consumption needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their consumption needs Sustainable Development
Geographically pinpointed center of economic activity organized around a designated industry, commonly in the high-tech sector Growth Pole
The creation of new business and jobs in other industries as the result of investment in a different industry Multiplier Effects
Occur where firms cluster spatially in order to take advantage of geographic concentrations of skilled labor and industry suppliers, specialized infrastructure, and ease of face-to-face contact with industry participants Agglomeration Economies
An industry that develops and uses the most advanced technologies available and has the highest levels of research and development High-Technology Industry
The production of small batches of goods as needed by customer demand Just-in-Time Manufacturing (JIT)
The shifts from manufacturing centers to spatially dispersed production sites, from standardized mass production to specialized batch production, and from a permanent workforce to temporary and contract workers Post-Fordism
The spatial shift of manufacturing from developed countries to developing countries, including the global scaling of labor markets and industrial sites New International Division of Labor
Specially designated duty-free area that provides warehousing, storage, and distribution facilities for goods intended for trade or reexport Free-Trade Zone
Industrial zone with special incentives to attract foreign investment to places where imported materials undergo processing or assembly before being re-exported Export Processing Zone (EPZ)
Specific area within a country’s borders where business and trade laws are different from those in the rest of the country Special Economic Zone (SEZ)
The decline, and sometimes complete disappearance, of employment in the manufacturing sector in the core’s industrial centers Deindustrialization
The transfer of part of a firm’s internal operations to a third party Outsourcing
The relocation of manufacturing and support services from one country to another Offshoring
The economic and social arrangement based on the mass production of standardized goods, high labor union membership rates, stable and full-time manufacturing employment, and high factory wages that enable mass consumptio Fordism
A process in which companies stop investing in factory construction, equipment, and improvement and begin selling off assets, such as machinery, buildings, and land Corporate Disinvestment
 

 



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