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ARCH TECH
LECTURE 1 INFO
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What are the national building codes in order of importance? | 1. Fire 2. Plumbing 3. Building 4. Energy |
| When did we start to care about regulating buildings? | Babylon |
| What was the saying that Hammurabi coined? | Codes are written in blood |
| What fire encouraged the need for fire codes? | Great Fire of London |
| What year was the Great Fire of London? | 1666 |
| What started the Great Fire of London? | Bakery fire spread rapidly through dense wooden buildings. |
| What was the lesson of the Great Fire of London? | Fire-resistant construction |
| How many people died in the Iroquois Theatre Fire? | 602 People |
| What year did the Iroquois Fire occur? | 1903 |
| What was the cause of Iroquois Fire? | Ignited scenery, blocked exits and no sprinklers. |
| What was the lesson of the Iroquois Fire? | Exit signage, outward doors, sprinklers, and occupancy limits. |
| How many people died in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire? | 146 people |
| What year did the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire happen? | 1911 |
| What caused the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire? | Factory fire with locked exits and combustible materials. |
| What was the lesson of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory? | Fire drills, sprinklers, and safe escape routes. |
| What caused the Grenfell Tower Fire? | Small apartment fire spread via combustible cladding; lack of sprinklers and compartmentation. |
| What was the lesson of Grenfell Tower Fire? | Basn combustible cladding, enforce fire safety in high rises, improve sprinklers and alarms. |
| What year did the Grenfell Tower Fire occur? | 2017 |
| What initiated the need for plumbing codes? | Broad Street Pump Cholera Outbreak |
| What happened during the Cholera Outbreak in London? | Outbreak traced to contaminated water from a single pump. |
| What was the impact of the Broad Street Cholera Outbreak? | Led to understanding of waterborne diseases, installation of safe water supply systems and early sanitary plumbing regulations. |
| Where did the Broard Street Pump Cholera Outbreak Occur? | London |
| When did the Broad Street Pump Cholera Outbreak occur? | 1854 |
| When were energy codes initiated? | 500 BCE ATHENS |
| Who initiated the thought of energy codes? | Socrates in the way of passive heating and cooling. |
| Who first made comments regardining energy codes? | Vitruvius in De Architectura 20-30 BCE Rome |
| What was an example of the energy codes being mitigated? | Priene, Macedonia in 4th Century through city planning positioning according to sun path. |
| When did contemporary interest in energy conservation get started? | 1970s |
| Why did energy conservation become important? | Due to the 1970s energy crisis and the "end of the car" |
| What was R-2000 NRCAN? | An initiative to instill builder training, airtightness testing, energy modelling, and HRV into building structures. |
| What year did r-2000 NCAN get initiated? | 1981 |
| What is the first step of carbon production? | Product Stage: Extract raw materials |
| What is the second step of carbon production? | Construction Stage: Transport to factory Manufacture products Transport to site Construct the building |
| What is the third step of carbon production? | Use Stage: use and maintain the building |
| What is the fourth step of carbon production? | End of life stage: Deconstruct the building and haul away waste materials |
| What is the fifth step of carbon production? | Benefits and loads beyond life cycle: Landfill or recycle |
| Definition of Sustainability | The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level. |
| Definition of Mitigation | The action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something. |
| Definition of adaptation | A change or the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment. |
| Definition of resilience | The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness. |
| Definition of regenerate | To create again. |
| What initiative was put in place to mitigate the climate crisis? | The Paris Agreement 2015 |
| What are five categories of plant based building materials identified in the readings? | The materials are grouped into wood and timber, agricultural residues and byproducts, purpose grown crops, waste stream fibers, and lab-grown plants. |
| Why are plants considered a unique and renewable resource compared to other building materials? | Only plants have the potential to keep coming back providing a continuous supply of materials through natural growth, agriculture, or lads whereas other elements are depleted with each use. |
| What is biophillic? | It is the incorporation of natural forms and materials into buildings to bring experiences of nature to the occupants which has been studied for its positive impacts. |
| Approximately what percentage of a harvest tree's total mass actually ends up in a building? | Only about 30-50 percent of the total mass of a harvested tree ends up in a building, the rest (roots, branches, bark) typically breaks down or is used as fuel, returning its carbon to the atmosphere. |
| What is carbon lag time in timber harvesting? | It is the period during which newly planted trees absorb significantly less carbon than the mature stand they replaced, which can skew the carbon balance during a climate emergency. |
| How does the ancient practice of coppicing differ from industrial forestry? | Involves cutting certain hardwood species so they grow new shoots from the existing root system, allowing the forest to provide wood for hundreds of years without killing the tree or abandoning the roots to decay. |
| What does the term abiotic mean in the context of building materials? | It refers to material that are not harvested or derived from biological sources such as trees, straw, hemp, or bamboo. |
| Together, steel and concrete are responsible for approx. what percentage of total global greenhouse gas emissions? | 15%, 8 percent concrete, 7% of steel |
| What is hydrogen direct reduction in steel manufacturing? | It is a new technology where hydrogen produced with renewable energy is used instead of pulverized coal or coke to heat and remove oxygen from iron ore potentially creating CO2 free steel. |
Created by:
averylumgair