Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
E&A Lec Exam #3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| weather | is over a short period of time, constantly changing |
| climate | is over a long period of time, composite of weather |
| what are the elements of weather | temperature, humidity, cloudiness, precipitation, air pressure, wind speed, and direction |
| humidity | amount of moisture in atmosphere |
| cloudiness | cloud type, prediction on what weather would be |
| precipitation | hail, rain, sleet, snow, freezing rain |
| wind from what direction is more moist | South |
| what are the major components of clean, dry air | Nitrogen, oxygen, argon and other gases, carbon dioxide |
| water vapor | made up of 4% of the air's volume, forms clouds and precipitation, absorbs heart energy from Earth |
| Aerosols | tiny solid and liquid particles, water vapor can condense on solids, reflect sunlight, help color sunrise and sunsets |
| sunset colors are due to what | dust in the atmosphere |
| what are the variable components of air | water vapor, aerosols, and ozone |
| ozone is made of | three atoms of oxygen(O3) |
| what does the ozone absorb | harmful UV radiation |
| what human activity is depleting the ozone | chlorofluorocarbons |
| what is the ozone concentrated between | 10-50 kilometers above the surface |
| what is the average sea level pressure | 1000 millibars (which is used in meteorology) & 14.7 pounds per square inch (PSI) |
| what does pressure decrease with | altitude |
| temp changes as you go vertical or horizontal | vertical |
| troposphere | where we have all our weather and it is the bottom layer that is closet to earth surface |
| temperature decreases with altitude called what | environmental lapse rate |
| what are the environmental lapse rate | 6.5 degrees C per kilometer 3.5 degrees F per 1000 feet |
| what is the outer boundary of the troposphere called | tropopause |
| stratosphere | about 12km to 50km, temperature increases at top with altitude |
| what is the outer boundary of the stratosphere named | stratopause |
| mesosphere | about 50km to 80km, temperature decreases |
| what is the outer boundary of the mesosphere named | mesosphere |
| thermosphere | no well defined upper limit, fraction of atmosphere's mass |
| what does the earth rotate on | axis |
| what does the earth revolve around | the sun |
| what do the seasons result of | changing in sun angle and changing length of daylight |
| when sun angles are high what is the atmosphere | warmer |
| what the sun angles are lower what is the atmosphere | cooler |
| what is the northern hemisphere of summer dates | June 21-22 |
| where are the sun rays for the northern hemisphere of summer | Tropic of Cancer (23.5 degrees N) |
| what is the northern hemisphere of Winter dates | December 21-22 |
| what are the sun rays for the northern hemisphere of winter | tropic of Capricorn (23.5 degrees S) |
| what are the equinoxes date for Autumnal | September 22-23 |
| what are the equinoxes date for Vernal | March 21-22 |
| what are the sun rays for the equinoxes | vertical at the equator (0 degrees) twice a year |
| what are seasons caused by | earths changing orientation to the sun |
| what are seasons caused by | earths changing orientation to the sun |
| there are three mechanisms of heat transfer | conduction, convection and radiation |
| there are three mechanisms of heat transfer | conduction, convection and radiation |
| convection | mass movement within a substance. |
| conduction | molecule to molecule connection |
| radiation | velocity is 300,000 kilometers per second in a vacuum. |
| convection | mass movement within a substance. |
| gamma rays | very short waves and lethal |
| x-rays | useful in medicine and they are a little longer than gamma |
| UV | atmosphere does black most of the UV |
| Visible | atmosphere does not block light, can see visible light |
| infrared | longer still wavelengths, cannot see with our eyes |
| radiation | velocity is 300,000 kilometers per second in a vacuum. |
| what are three atmospheric effects | reflection, scattering and absorption |
| radiation consists of different wavelengths which are ? | gamma, xrays, UV, visible, infrared, and microwaves and radiowaves |
| heating of the atmosphere is called what | greenhouse effect |
| gamma rays | very short waves and lethal |
| earths surface gives off long wave radiation which is absorbed by what | greenhouse gases |
| x-rays | useful in medicine and they are a little longer than gamma |
| UV | atmosphere does black most of the UV |
| Visible | atmosphere does not block light, can see visible light |
| greenhouse gases reradiate some energy earthward by trapping heath where | in the lower atmosphere |
| infrared | longer still wavelengths, cannot see with our eyes |
| microwaves and radio waves | used to heat food and communication |
| what are three atmospheric effects | reflection, scattering and absorption |
| heating of the atmosphere is called what | greenhouse effect |
| earths surface gives off long wave radiation which is absorbed by what | greenhouse gases |
| short wave solar radiation passes through the atmosphere and is absorbed by what | earths surface |
| greenhouse gases reradiate some energy earthward by trapping heath where | in the lower atmosphere |
| latent heat | stored or released when water changes from one state to another |
| albedo | fraction of light that a surface reflects |
| do dark surface have high or low albedo | low (like asphalt) |
| isotherm | a line connecting places of equal temperature |
| in the southern hemisphere how are the isotherms | straighter and more stable |
| what do isotherms show | ocean currents |
| what is heat energy measured in | calories |
| what are the three states of matter | solid, liquid, gas |
| to change state, heat must be | absorbed or released |
| evaporation | liquid is changed to gas |
| latent heat of vaporization | 600 calories per gram of water |
| condensation | water vapor changed to a liquid |
| latent heat of condensation | heat energy being released |
| melting | solid changed to a liquid |
| latent heat of melting | 80 calories per gram of water |
| freezing | liquid changed to solid |
| latent heat of fusion | heat is released |
| sublimation | solid is changed directly to a gas |
| during sublimation how many calories are added | 680 calories per gram of water |
| deposition | water vapor changed to a solid |
| what happens during deposition | heat is released |
| what three things absorb latent heat from the environment | melting, evporation, and sublimation |
| what three things release latent heat to the environment | freezing, condensation, deposition |
| vapor pressure | water vapor adds pressure to the air |
| what is saturated air | air that is filled with water vapor to capacity |
| what is relative humidity expressed as | a percent |
| what ways can relative humidity can be changed | adding moisture raises the relative humidity & by removing moisture lowers the relative humidity |
| dew point temperature | temperature to which a parcel of air would need to be cooled to reach saturation |
| what does water vapor require to condense on | a surface |
| what does cooling the air below the dew point cause | condensation |
| what are the two types of hygrometers are used to measure humidity | psychrometer and a hair hygrometer |
| what is a psychrometer | compares temperatures of wet-bulb thermometer and dry-bulb thermometer |
| if the air is saturated then what does that mean fort the thermometers | they read the same temperature |
| hair hygrometer | read the humidity directly |
| dry adiabatic rate | 1 degrees C per 100 meters |
| wet adiabatic rate varies from | .5 degrees C to .9 degree C per 100 meters |
| orographic lifting | elevated terrains act as barriers so wind can not get through |
| what is an result of orographic lifting | rainshadow desert |
| frontal wedging | cool air acts as a barrier to warm air |
| middle latitude cyclones | fronts are parts of the storm systems |
| localized convective lifting | occurs where unequal surface heating causes pockets of air to rise because of their buoyancy |
| an example of convergence is what | peninsula, Florida |
| stable air | resists vertical displacement |
| absolute stability | occurs when the environmental lapse rate is less than the wet adiabatic rate |
| stable air | often results in widespread clouds with little vertical thickness |
| absolute instability | acts like a hot air balloon. |
| conditional instability | occurs when the atmosphere is stable for an unsaturated parcel |
| unstable definition | parcel is lighter and moves up |
| unstable | t parcel > t air |
| stable definition | parcel is heavier and moves down |
| stable | t parcel < t air |
| neutral definition | parcel stays put |
| neutral | t parcel = t air |
| condensation nuclei | possible condensation surfaces in the air are tiny bits of particulate matter |
| clouds | made of million and million of very small liquid water droplets of ice crystals |
| cirrus clouds | high, white, thin (ice crystals) |
| cumulus clouds | globular cloud masses often associated with fair weather (puffy, cotton ball) |
| what clouds have no precipitation | cumulus |
| stratus clouds | sheets or layers that cover much of the sky (grayish, low lying) |
| what does alto mean | mid level |
| high clouds | above 6000 meters |
| what types of clouds are high clouds | cirrus, cirrostratus, and cirrocumulus |
| middle clouds | 2000 to 6000 meters |
| what types of clouds are middle clouds | altostratus and altocumulus |
| low clouds | 2000 meters |
| what type of clouds are low clouds | stratus, stratocumulus, and nimbostratus |
| nimbus means what | rainy |
| clouds from vertical development | cumulonimbus |
| why do most fogs form | radiation cooling |
| what is fog considered | atmospheric hazard |
| advection fog | warm, moist air moves over a cool surface |
| radiation fog | earth's surface cools rapidly, forms during cool, clear, and calm nights |
| unslope fog | humid air moves up a slope, adiabatic cooling occurs |
| steam fog | cool air moves over warm water and moisture is added to the air (happens on weevil pond) |
| frontal fog or precipitation fog | forms during frontal wedging when warm air lifted over colder air |
| cloud droplets | less than 20 micrometers in diameter |
| ice crystals process | temperature in the cloud is below freezing, they collect water vapor, snowflakes form and fall to the ground or melt then turn to rain |
| what are the forms of precipitation | rain and drizzle |
| rain | droplets have at least a .5mm diameter |
| drizzle | droplets have less than .5mm diameter |
| snow | ice crystals, sleet, and glaze |
| sleet | small particles of ice in winter |
| sleet | occurs when warmer air overlies colder air, rain freezes as it falls |
| glaze or freezing rain | impact with a solid causes freezing |
| hail | hard rounded pellets, concentric shells, most diameter range from 1-5cm |
| rime | forms on cold surfaces |
| what does rime consist of | supercooled fog or clouds droplets |
| rain | easiest form to measure |
| what measuring instruments do you use for rain | standard rain gauge |
| how do you measure snow | dept and water equivalent |
| water equivalent | general ratio is 10 snow units to 1 water unit |
Created by:
josey edwards 11