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AP HUG Key Terms
chap 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| age sex distribution (ratio) | A model that shows percentage or number of males and females in different age groups within a population |
| agricultural density | the ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land in a given area |
| arithmatic density | the total number of people divided by the total land area |
| carrying capacity | the maximum population size an environment can sustainably support without degrading its natural resources |
| cartogram | a map that distorts the size and shape of geographic areas to make them directly proportional to a specific variable |
| cohort | a population group unified by a specific common characteristic that is treated as a statistical unit for analysis |
| crude birth rate (CBR) | the total number of live births in year for each 1000 people alive in a society |
| crude death rate (CDR) | the total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive in a society |
| demographic equation | future population = starting population + (births - deaths) + (immigration - emigration) |
| demographic momentum | the tendency for a population to continue growing even after fertility rates have declined |
| demographic transition model | a framework that maps a country's population changes as it industrialized and develops economically |
| demography | the scientific, statistical study of human populations, focusing on size, composition, density, and distribution |
| dependency ratio | a measure indicating the ratio of people too young or old to work (under 15 or over 65) compared to the working age population (15-64) |
| doubling time | the estimated amount of time it takes for a population to double in size |
| ecumene | the portion of the Earth's surface that is permanently occupied by human settlement |
| epidemic | a sudden outbreak of a disease that spreads rapidly |
| epidemiologic transition | the changing causes of death, mortality, and health trends within a population as it progresses from a developing to a developed state |
| epidemiology | a branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases |
| graying population | a demographic trend where proportion of eldery individuals increases relative to younger age groups |
| industrial revolution | the rapid late 18th century shift from agricultural home based economies to the factory based manufacturing |
| infant mortality rate (IMR) | the annual number of infant deaths under 1 year of age per 1000 live births |
| life expectancy | the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live |
| medical revolution | the diffusion of modern medical technology, sanitation, and health practices from developed nations to developing countries |
| natality rate | crude birth rate |
| natural increase rate (NIR) | the percentage by which a population grows or declines in a year, excluding migration |
| neo malthusian | modern proponents of Thomas malthus's theory that population growth will outpace natural resources |
| non ecumene | areas of Earth's surface that are uninhabited, sparsely populated, or unsuitable for permanent human settlement |
| overpopulation | when the number of people in an area exceeds the availble resources and capacity of the environment to maintain a decent standard of living |
| pandemic | an epidemic that has spread to a global scale |
| physiological density | the number of people per unit of arable land |
| population density | the measurement of the number of people per given unit of land |
| population distribution | the spatial arrangement or pattern of where people live, work, and settle across the Earth's surface |
| population explosion | rapid, exponential increase in the world's human population |
| population projection | scientific estimate of future population size, age structure, and composition |
| population pyramid | a bar graph representing the age and sex composition of a population |
| sex ratio | the number of males per 100 females in a population |
| Thomas Malthus | an English economist who proposed that population grows exponentially while food supply increases arithmatically |
| total fertility rate (TFR) | the average number of children a woman is expected to have during her childbearing years |
| zero population growth (ZPG) | when the birth rate is equivalent to the death rate |
Created by:
Hola0205