Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
nervous system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | brain and spinal cord. Spinal cord sends messages to brain and body. |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | Everything except spinal cord and brain (all nerves) |
| Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) | automatically. ex. breathing, digestion |
| Neurons | Consists of 3 main parts. They dont work alone. Cell body of neuron - brain of it) Dendrites- conducts impulses to cell body of neuron (recieves signals from cell body) Axon- conducts impulses away (sends signals away) |
| Neuron | Main working cell. Used for communtication, recieve, process, and respond to messages. |
| Types of neurons | Sensory (afferent) neuron Motor (efferent) Neuron Interneuron |
| Sensory Neuron | Conducts impulses to the spinal cord and brain. (carries information) |
| Motor Neuron | Conducts impulses away from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands. (connect) |
| Interneuron | Conducts impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons. (brain and spinal cord) (connecting neurons) |
| Afferent | Arrives at the brain |
| Efferent | Exits |
| Myelin | Helps signals move faster. |
| Glia (neuroglia) | Support cells, bringing the cells of nervous tissue together structurally and functionally. |
| 3 main types of glial cells of CNS. | Astrocytes Microglia Oligodendrocytes |
| Astrocytes | Star-shaped cells that anchor small blood vessels to neurons. (support, controls what passes through the brain. |
| Microrglia | Small cells that move in the imflamed brain tissue carrying on phagocytosis. ( they clean up) (immune) |
| Oligodendrecytes | Form myelin sheaths on axons in the CNS. (insulation) |
| Schwann cells | Form myelin sheaths on axons of PNS |
| Nerve | A bundle of peripheral axons. |
| Tract | Bundle of central axons. |
| White matter | tissue composed primarily of myelinated axons (nerves or tracts) (outside) |
| Gray matter | tissue composed of primarily cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers. (bain processing) (brain and spinal cord) |
| Endoneurium | Surronds individual fibers within a nerve. (protects) |
| Perineurium | Surronds a group (fasicale) of nerve fibers. |
| Epineurium | Surronds the entire nerve. |
| Nerve impulses | A wave of electrical activity that travels along a neuron. conducts from receptors to effectors over neuron pathways or relex arcs. (action potential) (domino effect) |
| Receptor | a structure that detects stimulus-sensory |
| Effector | reacts |
| Two-neuron arc | sensory neurons and motor neurons (spinal cord) |
| three neuron arc | sensory neurons in the spinal cord with interneurons with motor neurons. |
| Resting nerve impulse | Neurons membrane is slightly positive on the outside - polarized- from a slight excess of sodium ions (NA+) on the outside. (more sodium on outside.) |
| Repolarization | returning to resting state. |
| Depolarization | When sodium rushes into a neuron it becomes more positve ion the outside. |
| Reflex Arc | Receptor, spinal cord, motor, effector. |
| Synapse | Where impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another. |
| Synapase 3 structures- | Synpatic knob Synpatic cleft Plasma membrane |
| Synpatic knob | End of axon-stores and releases transmitters. |
| Synpatic cleft | tiny gap between neuron. |
| Neurotransmitters | Chemicals by which neurons communicate, (chemical messengers) |
| Acetylcholine (ACh) | Most important- stimulates muscle contraction. |
| Endorphins | natural pain killers |
| dopamine | movement control |
| serotonin | mood, alert responses |
| enkephalins | help regulate pain |
| nitric oxide (NO) | diffuse through cell membranes, play a role in blood pressure. |
| Brainstem (CNS) | medulla oblongata-lowest part-connects directlt to spinal cord. pons-bridge connecting different parts. midbrain- uppermost part-visual, auditory reflexes (connects brain and spinal cord.) |
| cerebullum (cns) | 2nd largest- back of brain-coordination of movement-posture- constantly recieves signals. |
| Diencephalon (cns) | (deep within brain) Hypothalmus-controls, homeostatsis thalamus -relay pineal gland -sleep |
| Cerebrum (cns) | largest part of brain- thinking, memory, movement. |
| Spinal cord (cns) | reflex, nerve signals |
| Coverings and fluid spaces | Mingies- protection |
| Brainstem has | white matter with bits of gray matter scattered through it. |
| functions of brainstem | All 3 parts conduct impulses to higher parts of the brain. |
| Diencephalon hypothalmus | Pitutary controls- Mainly posterior pitiutory gland, stalk and gray matter- major center for controlling the ANS; helps control most internal organs - controls horomone secretion by anterior and posterior pitutory glands (master endocrine gland.) |
| Diencephalon thalamus | dumbell shaped mass of gray matter extending toward each cerebal hemesphere- relays sensory implueses to cortex areas- produces emotions of pleast or unpleastantness. |
| Diencephalon pineal gland | small body remsembling a pine cone behind thalmus- melatonin increases at night and controls sleep scheldule |
| Cerebrum | largest part of brain- outer layers gray matter inner layers white matter- mental processing, memeory, voluntary control- damage causes speech and memory problems. |
| basal nuceli | islands of gray matter that regualte automatic movements and posture. |
| hypo-thalmus- arbor-vitae | hype-below thalmus-brain structure arbor-tree vitae-life |
| Sematic | 1 neuron |
| ans | 2 neurons |
| spinal cord | columns of white matter composed of bundles of myelinated nerve fibers on outer portion- interior is gray matter made up of denrites and cell bodies- tracts provide two way conduction paths, acending and decending |
| spinal cord pt 2. | primary center for all spinal cord reflexes, sensory tracts conducts impluses to the brain, and motor tracts conduct impulses from the brain. |
| Sensory | up to brain |
| motor | down to body |
| Csf fluid | around brainstem and spinal cord- cushion |
| coverings of brain and spinal cord | cranial bones vertebrae |
| cerebral and spinal meninges | dura mater- tough-outer pia mater-soft inner arachnoid-middle |
| fluid spaces | subarachnoid spaces of meniges central canal inside cord ventricles in brain |
| cranial nerves | 12- attached to under surface of brain -face and head |
| spinal nerves | 31- contain dendrites of sensory neurons and axons of motor neurons- what u feel, movement |
| sympathetic | eyes dialate |
| parasympathaetic | eyes contrict |
| preganglionic autonomic neurons | conduct impulses from spinal cord or brain stem to a autonomic ganglion |
| postganglionic neruons | conduct from autonomic ganglia to cardiac, smooth muscle and glanddular tissue |
| autonomic or viseral effectors | tissues to which autonomic neurons conduct impulses |
Created by:
gabbyc420