Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A&P Lecture 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The urinary system is also called the | excretory system |
| US function | filters blood to remove metabolic waste, toxins, and excess water, producing urine to maintain homeostasis |
| The urinary system consists of | 2 kidneys that serve as primary excretory organs 1 urinary bladder to store urine 2 ureters connected each kidney to the bladder Urethera where liquid waste is eliminated |
| two kidneys filter waste from ______ and form ______ | blood urine |
| Functions of a kidney (7) | 1. Urine formation 2. Excretion 3. Regulation of blood volume an pressure 4. Regulation of blood solute concentrations 5. Regulation of extracellular pH 6. Regulation of red blood cell synthesis 7. Regulation of vitamin D synthesis |
| Urine is composed of | excess water, excess ions, metabolic waste, and toxins |
| Kidney anatomy | Two bean-shaped organs located flanking the last thoracic (T12) to the third lumbar (L3) vertebrae Each kidney is around the size of a fist, 130 grams |
| The renal artery and nerves enter the kidney at the | hilum, the concave medial aspect of the kidney |
| The renal vein and ureter also exit at the kidney at the | hilum |
| The kidneys are organized into 2 major regions: | Renal cortex = superficial Renale medulla = deep |
| The cortex is the location for the | blood-filtering structures of the kidneys |
| The medulla is composed of many cone-shaped structures called | renal pyramids, whose bases project into the cortex |
| Renal papilla | the medullary tip of pyramid |
| Renal columns are | extensions of cortical tissue between each pyramid |
| Renal sinus is the | fat-filled cavity in the middle of the kidney that cushions important parts. Here a set of tubes collects the urine for movement to the urinary bladder |
| The nephrons are | the functional unit of the kidney |
| A nephron is composed of 2 major parts | Glomerular capsule (or Bowman's capsule) Renal tubule Many nephrons then connect to a shared collecting duct |
| 3 Steps in nephron function | 1. Glomerular filtration 2. Tubular reabsorption and secretion 3. Water conservation |
| Glomerular filtration | Here is where blood enters to be filtered. High osmotic pressure and high concentration of solutes in blood allows water and solutes to leave the blood and enter the capsule. This liquid that enters the nephron is called glomerular filtrate |
| Glomerulur filtration (GFR) is a | blood test that determines how much blood passes through these filters each minute |
| Tubular reabsorption and secretion | water and solutes (Na, K, Cl, glucose, amino acids) are reabsorbed from tubule into capillaries. Conversely, metabolic waste and other produces from the blood are secreted into the tubule |
| Water conservation | concentration of urine at collecting duct through reabsorption of water |
| Glometrular filtration rate (GFR): | determines how much blood passes through glomerulus GFR is very stable and does not significantly change even when there is a larger change of blood pressure. |
| GFR of individuals varies by | age, sex, and race |
| GFR is determined by comparing values of serum proteins such as ______ and _______ (a waste product of muscle activity) between blood and urine | albumin creatine |
| Healthy GFR Values below | 120/min. 90 are abnormal |
| Values under _____ indicates kidney failure and require hemodialysis | 15ml/min |
| Hemodialysis | using an external machine as a kidney to filter blood |
| How hemodialysis works | your entire blood is circulated outside your body in a machine placed outside the body known as a dialyzer. This dialyzer acts like an artificial kidney that cleans and returns the blood to your body. This is done either at a facility or at home. |
| Hemodialysis is an alternative to | kidney replacement or a temporary treatment for those awaiting a kidney. Generally require a 4 hour visit 3 times a week. |
| KT Pros | Patients can lead a more normal life without having to watch what they eat and drink Cheaper for the NHS overall Much longer life expectancy |
| KT Con | Must take immunosuppressant drugs which increase the risk of infection Shortage of organ donors Kidneys only last 8-9 ears Any operation carries a risk |
| KD Pro | Available to all kidney patients No need for immuno suppressant drugs |
| KD Con | Patients must limit their salt and protein intake between dialysis sessions Expensive for the NHS Regular dialysis appointments affects the patient’s life style |
Created by:
liladdoyle