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AP HUG Key Terms
chap 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| absolute location | a fixed, precise, unchanging geographical point on Earth, typically using latitude, longitude, or specific addresses |
| accessibility | the relative ease with which a a location, person, or service can be reached from another location |
| alternative resources | energy sources that are not derived from fossil fuels |
| cartography | the art, science, and technology of making maps |
| choropleth map | a map that uses shades, colors, or patterns to represent data (darker / lighter colors for data sets) |
| clustered | data where objects, people, or phenomena are grouped closely together in a specific area (high density and concentration) |
| complementarity | the economic or spatial relationship where one place has a surplus of a resource, good, or service that another place requires (drives interaction, trade, and migration) |
| concentration | the extend to which a feature is spread over space (clustered or dispersed) |
| conformal maps | a projection that maintains accurate shapes and angles but sacrifices accurate size representation |
| conservation | the sustainable use and management of Earth's natural resources to meet human needs while ensuring their availability for future generations |
| contagious diffusion | the rapid, widespread expansion of a trait, idea, or disease through direct, person to person contact |
| coordinate system | a 3d spherical reference grid used to define the absolute location of any point on earth using lines of latitude and longitude |
| culture | the shared behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, and material traits that define a group of people |
| cultural landscape | the visible, physical imprint of human activity on a natural environment |
| ecology | the study of human environment relationships, focusing lon how cultures adapt, modify and interact with natural surrounding |
| density | the frequency with which a feature occurs in a specific space |
| arithmatic density | total number of people divided by total land area |
| physiological density | total population divided by total amount of arable land |
| agricultural density | number of farmers divided by total amount of arable land |
| diffusion | the spatial spread of cultural elements, ideas, innovations, diseases, or technologies from a hearth to other areas over time |
| dispersed | the distribution of objects, features, or people that are scattered or spread out apart over a large geographic area |
| distance decay | interaction between two places decreases as the distance between them increases |
| distribution | the arrangement of features in space |
| environmental determinism | the physical environment solely shapes and determines human behavior, culture, and societal development |
| equal area projection | a map that maintains the true, relative size of geographical areas but distorts angles and distances |
| expansion diffusion | the spread of an idea, innovation, or cultural trait onwards from its hearth to new areas while staying strong in original location |
| formal region | an area defined by high levels of consistency in a specific, measurable, and shared characteristics |
| friction of distance | interaction, exchange, or movement between two places requires effort, time, and money, which increases with distance |
| functional region | an area centered on a central hub surrounded by interconnecting linkages |
| Geographic Information System (GIS) | a computer system that captures, stores, analyzes, and displays data linked to specific locations on Earth |
| Global Positioning System (GPS) | A satellite based navigation system used to determine precise location of objects on earth |
| globalization | the expansion of economic, political and cultural processes on a global scale |
| globalizing forces | powerful economic, cultural, technological, and political factors that shrink functional distance, increasing worldwide integration |
| Goode Homolosine Projection | A map used to represent global spatial distributions without distorting relative size of landmasses (unfolded orange peel) |
| hearth | the geographic origin or center where a particular cultural trait, idea, innovation, or technology first develops |
| hierarchical diffusion | the spread of ideas, cultures, or trends downwards from nodes of authority or high influence to lower status places or people |
| homogenous region | an area with high consistency in specific cultural, physical, or economic traits where everyone shares one or more distinctive characteristics |
| intervening opportunities | positive, unexpected alternatives that arise during a migration, causing them to settle before reaching their intended destination |
| large scale map | a map that covers a small localized area in high detail |
| latitude | imaginary horizontal lines that measure distance north or south of the Equator |
| longitude | imaginary vertical lines that measure distance west and east of the Equator |
| location | the position of people or objects on Earth's surface |
| map | two dimensional scaled model of Earth's surface used to visualize spatial relationships, patterns, and data |
| map projection | a systematic method for transferring the 3d surface on a 2d map |
| Mercator projection | a 1569 cylindrical map projection used for marine navigation that preserves accurate shapes and angles |
| meridians | lines of longitude |
| migration diffusion | the spread of cultural traits, ideas, or innovations through direct, physical movement of people from one location to another |
| nodal region | functional region |
| nonrenewable resource | a natural resource that exists in finite quantity and cannot be replaced or replenished |
| parallels | an imaginary circle around the earth that runs east-west parallel to the Equator and is used to measure latitude |
| pattern | the geometric or spatial arrangement of people, objects, or phenomena across Earth's surface |
| perceptual region | a subjective area defined by people's shared feelings, attitudes, or cultural identity rather than objective data |
| place | a specific point on earth distinguished by a particular combination of cultural and physical characteristics |
| possibilism | the theory that while the physical environment sets constraints or limitations, human culture, technology, and ingenuity enable people to adapt to, modify, and overcome these challenges |
| prime meridian | the 0 degree line of longitude diving earth into east and west hemisphere |
| region | an area on Earth's surface defined by one or more distinctive shared characteristics or patterns of activity |
| relative location | describing a place's position based on its relationship to other landmarks, physical features, or surrounding human activity |
| relocation diffusion | the spread of cultural traits, ideas, or innovations through the physical movement of people from one place to another |
| remote sensing | the acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a distance, typically using satellites, aircraft, or drones |
| renewable resource | a natural resource that is replenished by nature at a rate equal to or faster than it is consumed by humans |
| Robinson projection | a compromise map projection that minimizes distortions in shape and size |
| scale | the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole |
| sense of place | the emotional, social, and cultural attachments people develop towards specific locations, making them unique |
| site | the physical characteristics and exact location of a place |
| situation | a place's location relative to its surrounding environment |
| small scale map | a map that shows a large area with low detail |
| soil depletion | the loss of soil fertility, nutrients, and organic matter, reducing the land's ability to support crops and ecosystems |
| space | the physical gap, interval, or distance between two or more objects or locations on the Earth's surface |
| spatial association | the degree to which two or more phenomena are distributed or arranged across the Earth's surface |
| spatial diffusion | the process by which ideas, innovations, cultural traits, diseases, or technologies spread from a hearth across space and time |
| sustainability | the use of Earth's renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that ensure resource availability for future generations |
| thematic map | map type that is designed to display specific data, themes, or spatial distributions rather than geographic features |
| time-space compression | a concept describing how technological and transportation advancements reduce the time it takes for goods, people, and ideas to move between places |
| toponyms | a specific name given to a portion of the Earth's surface, such as a city, country, or geographic feature |
| transferability | the ease of capability of moving a good, person, or idea between locations |
| transnational corporations | massive companies that operate, produce, or sell goods and services in at least two or more countries |
| uniform region | an area where everyone shares one or more common, distinct, and measurable characteristic |
| vernacular region | an area that people believe exists due to their cultural identity, defined by subjective feelings, attitudes, and perceptions |
Created by:
Hola0205