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BIO Modern genetics

RNA Ribose sugar, found in the cytoplasm and nucleus, single stranded
mRNA synthesized in the nucleus as it copies gene instruction, then takes it to the ribosome to make proteins.
rRNA Forms the core of the ribosome. Has enzymatic function in the synthesis of proteins.
tRNA Transfers specific amino acids from the cytoplasm to ribosomes during protein synthesis.
Helicase unzips the double strands of DNA
Primase Adds primers to open strands
DNA polymerase Adds complementary nucleotides to DNA strands in the S to 3 direction
Exonuclease Removes primers from DNA strands
Ligase Seals the double strands
Transcription ¨Reads and copies¨ gene-mRNA
Translation mRNA-peptide chain *happens in the ribosome*
Codon Sequence of 3 nucleotides in the mRNA
Anti-codon Sequence of 3 nucleotides in the tRNA complementary to codon
Selective breeding Process of breeding organisms for a particular trait
Mutation A change in the order of nucleotides in the DNA or RNA. Caused by mutagenic agents such as UV lights or X rays.
Restriction enzymes Enzymes used to cut DNA in genetic engineering,
Plasmid Circular piece of DNA found in bacteria
Ribosome Organelle where proteins are synthesized
Clone An identical copy of the organism or the cell
Gene A portion of DNA that has the code to direct the synthesis of a particular protein
Genetic engineering The process of moving genes from organisms of one species into an organism of another
Transformation Process in which a bacterium takes up a plasmid from a different kind of bacterium or an engineered.
Proteins Molecules made of amino acids responsible for our traits
Created by: gracelang926
 

 



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