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Evolution AOL Vocab

TermDefinition
Homology Similarity from common ancestry
Homologous structures Same structure, different function
Analogous structures Different structure, same function
Divergent Evolution Species diverge from common ancestor
Convergent Evolution Species share traits NOT due to common ancestor
Population Group of individuals in same species
Species Potential to produce viable, fertile offspring
Gene Pool All alleles in population
Genetic Drift Allele frequency is unpredictable across generations
Founder Effect Few individuals become isolated from larger population
Bottleneck Effect Sudden reduction in population size due to change in environment (CHANCE)
Gene Flow Movement in alleles among population
Directional Selection Favors individuals at one end of phenotypic range
Disruptive Selection Favors individuals at both extremes
Stabilizing Selection Favors intermediate variants
Sexual Selection Natural selection for mating success
Intrasexual Selection Males competing for attention of females for mating
Intersexual Selection Females being choosy in selecting mate (also called mate choice)
Speciation Origin of new species
Microevolution Change in allele frequency in population over time
Macroevolution Broad patterns of evolution change
Species Group of population that can produce viable, fertile offspring
Reproductive Isolation Barriers that prevent 2 species from producing viable, fertile offspring
Habitat Isolation (Pre) Individuals don't meet b/c of different habitats
Temporal Isolation (Pre) Different breeding times/schedule
Behavioral Isolation (Pre) Different behaviors/habits or rituals
Mechanical Isolation (Pre) Physical differences
Gametic Isolation (Pre) Sperm of one species is unable to fertilize egg of another
Reduced Hybrid Viability (Post) Genes of different parent species impair hybrid's development
Reduced Hybrid Fertility (Post) Hybrids are not able to produce viable, fertile offspring
Hybrid Breakdown (Post) Hybrid offspring is weak, unhealthy or can not reproduce
Allopatric Speciation Population forms new species with geographic barrier from parent population
Sympatric Speciation Population forms new species without geographic barrier
Polypoloidy Extra set of chromosomes
Autopolyploid More than 2 chromosome sets derived from ONE species
Allopolyploid Multiple sets of chromosomes (derived from different species)
Gradualism Change occurs slow/steady over long period of time
Punctuated Equillibrium Period of stability and sudden change
Created by: AhanaS
 

 



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