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bio test DNA

QuestionAnswer
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) A double-stranded, nucleic acid molecule. The functions of DNA are to store & transmit genetic information to the next generation and code for proteins.
Nucleotide The building blocks of DNA & RNA; they are composed of 3 molecules: a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) & a phosphate group.
Sugar-phosphate backbone The sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, like DNA & RNA. This backbone is made of alternating sugar and phosphate groups.
Hydrogen bond Chemical bonds that connect the base pairs to one another; A & T and C & G. These weak hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotides are what keep the 2 strands of a DNA helix together.
Nitrogenous bases The 4 nitrogen containing bases in DNA are: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
Double helix The form of DNA, referring to its 2 polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.
Chargaff’s Rule When strands of nucleotides join, Adenine must always pair with Thymine & Guanine with Cytosine.
DNA Replication Complex process where DNA makes a copy of itself. Complementary bases allow each strand of DNA to make the other strand. Each new strand is ½ original & ½ new.
Semi conservative Semi-conservative replication describes the mechanism of DNA replication. Replicated DNA chains each have one original DNA (old) strand and one newly formed strand.
Anti-parallel Refers to objects (in this case, DNA strands) which run parallel to each other but in opposite directions.
Helicase opens up the DNA at the replication fork.
Polymerase adds nucleotides 1 by 1 to the growing DNA chain, choosing only those that are complementary to the template.
Ligase binds the 2 strands of DNA & finalizes the replication process.
Created by: user-1978438
 

 



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