Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
ch 17 pharm
adrenergic drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Drugs that block the effects of adrenergic neurtotransmitters. | adrenergic blockers |
| Drugs that block the release of norepinephrine from the synaptic terminal neurons. | Adrenergic neuron blockers |
| Sites located on the cells of smooth muscles (heart, bronchiole walls, GI tract, urinary bladder, ciliary muscles of the eye) that adrenergics act on | adrenergic receptor |
| Drugs that block or inhibit a response at the alpha-adrenergic receptor site. | Alpha-blockers |
| Drugs that decrease heart rate usually followed by a decrease in blood pressure | beta-blockers |
| The chemical structure of a substance (either endogenous or synthetic)that can produce a sympathomimic response. | catecholamines |
| Drug that excites all receptors approximately equally | nonselective |
| A drug that has a greater affinity for certain receptors | selective |
| Drugs that block the effect of the adrenergic neurotransmitter | sympatholytics |
| Drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system | sympathomimetics |
| What two types of drugs affect the sympathetic nervous system? | 1. adrenergics (sympathomimetics or adrenomimetics) and 2. adrenergic blockers (sympatholytics or adrenolytics) |
| Drugs that stimulate the sypathetic nervous system are called | adrenergics, adrenergic agonists, sympathomimetics or adrenomimetics |
| the sympathetic neurotransmitters are: | epinephrine and nonepinephrine |
| List the adrenergic receptor sites on the cells of the muscles of (list 5 places) | 1. heart 2. bronchiole wall 3. GI tract 4. urinary bladder 5. ciliary muscle of the eye |
| List the 4 types of adrenergic receptors | 1. alpha 1 2. alpha 2 3. beta 1 4. beta 2 |
| What are the physiological responses of alpha 1 receptor activation? | 1. increase FORCE of heart contraction 2. vasoconstriction increases blood pressure 3. mydriasis (dilation of pupils) 4. salivary glands decrease secretion 5. increase urinary bladder relaxation and urinary sphincter contraction |
| What are the physiological responses of alpha 2 receptor activation? | 1. inhibits release of norephinephrine 2. dilates blood vessels 3. produces hypotension 4. decreases gastrointestinal motility and tone |
| What are the physiological responses of Beta 1 receptor activation? | 1. increase heart rate and force of contraction 2. increase renin secretion which increases blood pressure |
| What are the physiological responses of Beta 2 receptor activation? | 1. Dilates broncbhioles 2. promotes gastrointestinal & uterine relaxation 3. promotes increase in blood sugar through glycogenolysis in liver 4. increase blood flow in skeletal muscles |
| The alpha adrenergic receptors are located where? | in the vascular tissues of muscles |
| When alpha 1 receptors are stimulated what happens? | arterioles and venules constrict (which increases peripheral resistance and blood return to the heart) |
| The alpha 2 receptors are located where? | in the postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings |
| When the alpha 2 receptors are stimulated what happens? | it inhibits the release of norepinephrine, leading to a decrease in vasoconstriction |
| when alpa 2 receptors are stimulated what happens to blood pressure | it is decreased |
| The beta 1 receptors are located primarily where? | in the heart |
| The beta 2 receptors are found mostly in the smooth muscles of (list 3) | lungs, arterioles of skeletal muscles, and the uterine muscle |
| Stimulation of the beta 2 receptors cause (list 3 things) | 1. relaxation of smooth muscles of the lungs resulting in bronchodilation 2. an increase in blood flow to the skeletal muscles 3. relaxation of the uterine muscle, resulting in a decrease in uterine contraction. |
| Another adrenergic receptor is dopaminergic and is located in the (4 places) | 1. renal arteries 2. mesenteric arteries 3. coronary areteries 4. cerebral arteries. |
| How are transmitters inactivated (list 3 ways) | 1. reuptake of the transmitter back into the neuron 2. enzymatic transformation or degradation 3. diffusion away from the receptor |
| List two enzymes that inactivate the metabolism of norepinephrine? | 1. monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) |
| Which enzyme works inside the the presynaptic neuron? | monoamine oxidase |
| which enzyme works outside the neuron cell? | catechol-o-methlytransferase (COMT) |
| Drugs can stop the termination of the neurotransmitter (norephinephrine) by either (list 2 ways) | 1. inhibiting the norepinephrine reuptake or 2.inhibiting the degradation of norepinephrine by enzyme action |
| Sympathomimetic drugs that stimulate adrenergic receptors are classified in what three categories? | 1. direct acting sympathomimetics (work by directly stimulating adrenergic receptors) 2. indirect acting (work by stimulating release of norephinephrine 3. mixed acting sympathomimetics which do both |
| Give an example of a mixed acting sympathomimetic? | ephedrine |
| the drug ephedrine increases ______ ______ and ______ ______ but is not as potent a vasoconstrictor as epinephrine. | heart rate; blood pressure |
| Ephedrine is helpful to treat (what three conditions) | 1. idopathic orthostatic hypotension 2 hypotension that results from spinal anesthesia and 3. bronchial asthma |
| True or False Many adrenergic drugs stimulate more than one of the adrenergic receptor sites. | TRUE |
| Give an example of a drug that stimulates more than one adrenergic receptor. | epinephrine |
| Because epinephrine affects three different adrenergic receptors, it is ________ | nonselective |
| The responses from epinephrine include? | increase blood pressure, pupil dilatino, increase in heart rate and bronchodilation |
| Epinephrine is frequently used in emergencies to treat ______. | anaphylaxis |
| high doses of epinephrine can cause | cardiac dysrhythmias |
| Examples of endogenous catecholamines include? | epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine |
| synthetic catecholamines are (name two) | 1. isoproterenol and 2. dobutamine |
| _______ are the chemical structures of a substance (either endogenous or synthetic) that can produce a sympathomimetic response. | Catecholamines |
| True or False noncatecholamines (phenylephrine, metaproterenol, albuterol) stimulate the adrenergic receptors. | true |
| Most noncatecholamines have a ______ duration of action than the endogenous or synthetic catecholamines. | longer |
| Alpha 1 receptors are where (list 4 places) | 1. blood vessels 2. eye 3. bladder 4. prostate |
| alpha 1 receptors when activated do what to the blood vessels | vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure, increased contractility of the heart |
| Alpha 1 receptors when stimulated do what to the eye | mydriasis (pupil dilation) |
| Alpha 1 receptors when stimulated do what to the bladder? | contraction |
| Alpha 1 receptors when stimulated do what to the prostate | contraction |
| Alpha 2 receptors act on what two things | blood vessels and smooth muscles (GI tract) |
| Alpha 2 receptors when stimulated do what to the blood vessels | decreased blood pressure (reduced norepinephrine) |
| Alpha 2 receptors when stimulated do what to the smooth muscles of GI tract? | decreased gastrointestinal tone and motility |
| Beta 1 receptors act located where | heart and kidney |
| When beta 1 receptor is stimulated what happens to the heart | 1. increase heart contraction 2. increased heart rate |
| When the beta 1 receptor is stimulated what happens in the kidney? | 1. increased renin secretion 2. increased angiotensin 3. increased blood pressure |
| Beta 2 receptors are located where? | 1. smooth muscle of GI tract 2. lungs 3. uterus 4. liver |
| what happens to the smooth muscles of the GI tract when beta 2 receptors are stimulated? | decreased GI motility and tone |
| When the beta 2 receptors in the lungs are stimulated what happens? | bronchodilation |
| When the beta 2 receptors are stimulated what happens to the uterus | relaxation of uterine smooth muscle |
| When the beta 2 receptors are stimulated in the liver, what happens? | Activation of glycogenolysis and increased blood sugar |
| Albuterol sulfate (Proventil) is selective for what adrenergic receptor | beta 2 (response is purely bronchodilation) |
| High doses of albuterol may also affect what? | beta 1 receptors which may cause an increased heart rate |
| What are the side effects of high doses of albuterol? | tremors, restlessness, and nervousness (caused by reflex effect of beta 1's) |
| What type of medicine may inhibit the action of albuterol | beta blockers |
| List two selective alpha 2 drugs that are used to treat hypertension. | clonidine (Catapres) and methyldopa (Aldomet) |
| clonidine (Catapres) and methyldopa (Aldomet) work how? | they regulate the release of norepinephrine by inhibiting its release |
| Alpha 2 drugs are also believed to produce cardiovascular depression by stimulating alpha2 receptors in the CNS. This leads to what? | decrease in blood pressure |
| what are the common side effects for adrenergic drugs | 1. hypertension 2. tachycardia 3. palitations 3. dysrythmias 4. tremors 5. dizziness 6. urinary difficult 7. nausea 8. vomiting |
| Most adrenergic drugs are contraindicated when? | if client has cardiac dysrhythmias, narrow-angle glaucoma, or cardiogenic shock |
| List two possible nursing diagnosis for patient taking adrenergic drugs. | 1. risk for impaired tissue integrity related to severe hypotension 2. decreased cardiac output related to bradycardia |
| Drugs that block the affects of adrenergic neurotransmitters are called? | adrenergic blockers (adrenergic antagonists or sympatholytics) |
| What are the three sympatholytic receptors | alpha 1, beta 1 and beta 2 (not alpha 2) |
| An alpha 1 antagonist (blocker) does what | vasodilation, lowers blood pressure, miosis (constriction of pupil), reverse tachacardia may result, supporesses ejaculation, reduces contraction of smooth muscle in bladder neck and prostate gland |
| Beta 1 blocker (antagonist) does what? | decreases heart rate, reduces force of contraction |
| Beta 2 blocker (antagonist) does what? | constricts bronchioles, contracts uterus, inhibits glycogenolyisis which can decrease blood sugar |
| What condition is alpha 1 blocker usually used for? | benign prostatic hypertrophy |
| Alpha blockers dilate vessels and what condition can result | orthostatic hypotension |
| dizziness may be a symptom in a drop of what | blood pressure |
| if blood pressure drops what can happen to pulse rate | increase |
| Nonselective beta blockers can result in what 3 things | decreased heart rate, decreased blood pressure and bronchoconstriction |
| Nonselective beta blockers should be used with extreme caution in patients with what conditions | COPD and asthma |
| If the desired affect is to decrease pulse rate and blood pressure what drug should be given | selective beta 1 blocker (metoprolol tartrate - (Lopressor)) |
| What was the first beta blocker prescribed to treat angina, cardiac dysthythmias, hypertension and heart failure? | propranolol hydrochloride (Inderal)(many side effects) |
| Many drugs interact with propranolol (nonselective beta blocker) and can cause heart block if given with what two types of medication | digoxin or a calcium blocker |
| beta blockers are used for (list 4 things) | 1. hypertension 2. mild tachycardia 3. angina pectoris 4. cardiac dysrhythmias |
| Adrenergic neuron blockers are potent ________ agents. | antihypertensive (blocks the release of norephinephrine) |
| people with asthma should not take what type of medication | nonselective beta blocker (especially blocking beta 2) |
| What mood changes can occur when taking a beta blocker? | depression, nightmares, and suicidal tendencies |
| True or False Some beta blockers and alpha blockers can cause impotence or decreased libido/ | true |
Created by:
kellyaem