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OS Mod 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ability of the OS to be able to read and/or writing data from I/O devices such as disks, tapes, printers, keyboards, etc. | Input / Output Operations |
| A service where processes executing on the same computer system or on different computer systems swap over information with each other using operating system support. | Communication |
| A service where the OS manages different computer resources such as CPU time, memory space, file storage space, and I/O devices, allocating them to different application programs. | Resource Allocation |
| The ability of the operating system to detect errors within the computer system (CPU, memory, I/O, or user program) and take the appropriate action. | Error Detection |
| A service where the OS keeps track of time and resources used by various tasks and users. | Job Accounting |
| A defense mechanism of the system against internal and external attacks such as denial-of-service, worms, viruses, identity theft, and theft of service. | Security and Protection |
| The central part of an OS which manages system resources, acts as a bridge between applications and hardware, and is always resident in memory. | Kernel |
| A program that loads and starts the boot time tasks and processes of an OS, placing the OS into memory. | Bootloader |
| A type of OS where the user never directly interacts with the computer, and jobs with similar needs are batched together and run as a group to speed up processing. | Batch Operating System |
| A logical extension in which the CPU switches jobs so frequently that users can interact with each job while it is running, creating interactive computing. | Time-sharing Operating System |
| Systems that use multiple processors to serve multiple users and real-time applications, communicating through various lines; also referred to as loosely coupled systems. | Distributed Operating System |
| An OS that runs on a server and allows shared file and printer access among multiple computers in a network, typically a LAN. | Network Operating System |
| An OS intended to serve applications that process data as it comes in, mostly without buffer delay, used when time requirements are very strict (e.g., air traffic control). | Real-time Operating System |
| An OS built exclusively for mobile devices, such as smartphones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), or tablets. | Handheld Operating System |
| A signal emitted by hardware or software when a process or an event needs immediate attention, temporarily alerting the processor. | Interrupt |
| A signal created and sent to the CPU that is caused by some action taken by a hardware device, like pressing a key or moving a mouse. | Hardware Interrupt |
| An interrupt that arises due to illegal and erroneous use of an instruction or data, such as a stack overflow or division by zero. Also called a trap. | Software Interrupt |
| An operation that allows the OS to protect itself and other system components by using a mode bit to distinguish when the system is running user code (1) or kernel code (0). | Dual-mode Operation |
| Specific instructions that are designated to be executable only in kernel mode. | Privileged Instructions |
| A way for computer programs to interact with the OS by making a request to the OS's kernel, which changes the mode to kernel and resets it to user upon return. | System Call |
| Systems that use more than one processor, also known as parallel systems or tightly-coupled systems, which offer increased throughput and economy of scale. | Multiprocessor Systems |
| A type of multiprocessing where a boss processor controls the system and assigns specific tasks to other worker processors. | Asymmetric Multiprocessing (AMP) |
| The most commonly used multiprocessing type where each processor performs all tasks within the OS and all processors act as peers without a boss-worker relationship. | Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP) |
| A recent trend in CPU design that includes multiple computing cores on a single chip, which can be more efficient than multiple chips with single cores. | Multicore |
| Systems composed of multiple independent computers working together, usually sharing storage via a storage-area network (SAN) to provide high-availability service. | Clustered Systems |
| Storage that operates at the file system level, shares storage over a shared network, and is known for easier management. | Network-Attached Storage (NAS) |
| Storage that operates at the block storage level, shares storage over a dedicated network, and is fast but expensive. | Storage Area Network (SAN) |
| A computing environment where many systems act as servers, responding to requests generated by clients for computations or files. | Client-Server Computing |
| A distributed system model that does not distinguish between clients and servers; instead, all nodes are considered peers and may act as either or both. | Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Computing |
| A technology that allows operating systems to run as applications within another operating system. | Virtualization |
| A type of computing that delivers computing, storage, and applications as a service across a network; considered a logical extension of virtualization. | Cloud Computing |
| A cloud computing service model that provides one or more applications available via the Internet (e.g., Google Apps, Dropbox, Salesforce). | Software as a Service (SaaS) |
| A cloud computing service model that provides a software stack ready for application use via the Internet (e.g., Google App Engine, AWS Elastic Beanstalk). | Platform as a Service (PaaS) |
| A cloud computing service model that provides servers or storage available over the Internet (e.g., DigitalOcean, Amazon Web Services). | Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) |
| Operating systems released under a license where the copyright holder allows others to study, change, and distribute the software (e.g., GNU/Linux). | Open-Source Operating System |
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