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QuestionAnswer
Meiosis division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes (23 in humans).
Gamete Sex cell (sperm or egg) with 23 chromosomes.
Genotype The alleles an organism has (letters like Tt, Iᴬi).
Phenotype The physical traits you see (like blood type or eye color)
Gene A segment of DNA that codes for a trait.
alleles Different versions of the same gene (ex: T and t).
Dominant allele An allele that is always expressed when present (capital letter
Recessive allele An allele that is only expressed if two copies are present (lowercase letter).
HETEROZYGOUS 2 different alleles
homozygous two identical allels
Incomplete Dominance – \A pattern where heterozygous shows a blend (red + white = pink).
Codominance Both alleles are fully expressed (AB blood type).
Punnett Square A chart used to predict offspring genotypes and phenotypes.
Genotypic ratio Ratio of allele combinations (ex: 1:2:1).
Phenotypic ratio Ratio of observable traits (ex: 3:1).
Carrier An individual with one recessive allele who does not show the trait (XᴴXʰ).
X-linked trait A trait carried on the X chromosome (like hemophilia).
Law of Segregation Alleles separate during meiosis so each gamete gets one.
Law of Independent Assortment Different chromosome pairs separate independently.
Crossing Over Exchange of chromosome segments during prophase I that increases variation.
Genetic Variation Differences in DNA that make individuals unique.
Genotype The allele combination an organism has (the letters), like TT, Tt, or tt.
phenotype physical appearance
Created by: user-1880997
 

 



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