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chpt 23 practice
bio 118 unit 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| colostrum is noted to protect against infections because it contains | antibodies |
| considering the roles of estrogen and progesterone in the female reproductive cycle, how would fertility be affected if a woman had a hormonal disorder involving a constant high secretion of progesterone | pregnancy would not be easily achieved because progesterone makes uterine and cervical secretions too harsh for sperm survival and movement |
| most blood returning to the placenta for reoxygenation travels through the | umbilical arteries |
| after ovulation a secondary oocyte typically survives for | 12-24 hours |
| genetically, aging can be altered by genes that regulate | glucose and lipid metabolism |
| when the sperm nucleus enters, the secondary oocyte completes | meiosis II |
| kidneys are described as deriving primarily from the | mesoderm |
| by the 12th week, external reproductive organs be | distinguished as male or female |
| amniotic fluid functions to | cushion the embryo and help maintain a stable temperature |
| cigarette smoking during pregnancy is described as impairing fetal growth mainly by | reducing oxygen delivery to the fetus |
| development includes | growth, maturation, and aging changes across the life span |
| the precative dying stage may last up to | 3 months |
| which of the following is NOT true about the fetal stage of development | it includes the blastocyst and morula stages |
| the foramen ovale | lungs are not functional for gas exchange |
| aldosterone during pregnancy promotes | salt and water retention |
| the placental membrane consists primarily of | endothelium of the embryonic capillary and epithelium of a chorionic villus |
| jeremy cannot ejaculate because of an injury he sustained in a car accident. An assisted reproductive technology that might help him to become a biological father | intracytoplasmic sperm injection using his sperm into his partners secondary oocyte |
| the placenta is composed of tissues from the | mother and embryo |
| only a few hundred sperm out of an ejaculation typically reach the secondary oocyte because | most are lost along the route and barriers of the female tract |
| the foramen ovale is an opening between the | right and left atria |
| the placenta allows | oxygen and nutrients to diffuse from maternal blood to the embryo |
| if maternal diet is inadequate, the text notes that nutrient deficiencies occur first in the | mother |
| the implantation of the blastocyst results from | enzymes digesting the endometrium around the blastocyst |
| a major role of the placenta is | maternal fetal exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes |
| a change described in the 50's includes | loss of close vision and slowing nail growth |
| fertilization typically takes place in the | infundibulum of a uterine tube |
| the pre-embryonic stage extends from fertilization to | the end of the 2nd week |
| the fetus is protected from certain infections, to which the mother is immune by | antibodies from the mother's immune system |
| by age 40, one change described is weight gain due to | decreased metabolic rate |
| repair enzymes correct | mutations that occur when DNA replicates |
| the period of preactive dying takes | up to three months |
| fetal hemoglobin becomes largely replaced with adult hemoglobin | from 4 months after birth |
| in vitro fertilization is described as fertilization occurring | outside the body by embryo placement into the uterus |
| exchange of O2, nutrients, and wastes between mother and fetus occurs across the | placental membrane |
| fertilization is the union of a sperm cell and a | secondary oocyte |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of childhood | becoming reproductively functional |
| blastocyst implantation is described as beginning around | days 6-7 after fertilization |
| after birth, the ductus arteriosus constricts and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum | true |
| which of the following provides the main source of energy for a newborn during its first few days | fat |
| a cellular change associated with senescence described is | declining cell division in certain cell types |
| during the 6th month, the fetus typically | gains weight and has wrinkled skin |
| the postnatal period extends from | birth to death |
| embryonic capillary networks within chronic villi function primarily in | exchange of nutrients and gases |
| a sign noted in preactive dying is that some people | lose interest in food, conversation, and may sleep more |
| the allantois contributes to formation of | umbilical blood vessels and early blood vessels |
| early in pregnancy, hCG maintains the corpus luteum, which secrets | estrogens and progesterone |
| the pharmaceutical drug RU- 486, typically used to treat Cushing's disease, is also sometimes used for medical abortions, RU-486 blocks progesterone production and its binding to receptors in the reproductive tract. why would this affect pregnancy and em | progesterone maintains the endometrium and prevents it from braking down and shedding in a normal menstrual period. it also assists in stopping uterine contractions until birth |
| the placenta forms from | endometrium and cells surrounding the embryo |
| as the uterus enlarges during pregnancy, a common symptom described is increased | urinary frequency |
| the placenta's major role | exchange, nutrients, gases, and wastes between mother and embryo/fetus |
| after birth, distal portions of the umbilical arteries become | medial umbilical ligaments |
| the inner cell mass | gives rise to the embryo |
| breastfeeding may delay ovulation postpartum because prolactin | inhibits FSH and LH secretion |
| free radicals are described as | unpaired electrons that steal electrons from other molecules destabilizing them |
| centenarians are people who live past | 100 years of age |
| in PGD cells are removed from early cleavage embryos to | analyze for genetic disorders and select healthy embryos |
| ammonitic fluid | protects the embryo against being jarred by movements |
| a pregnant patient with rubella exposure early in gestation is at increased risk because rubella is described as a | powerful teratogen |
| compared to adult hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin | binds oxygen more readily |
| Monica takes the drug acutance throughout her pregnancy, and her child has birth defects due to the exposure, Accutane is a | teratogen |
| an alternative to breastfeeding described is | infant formula based on how cow's milk modified with added nutrients |
| labor contractions are aided by contraction of the | abdominal wall muscles |
| a major difference between fetal blood flow and adult blood flow is that in the fetus the | inferior vena cava contains blood high in oxygen |
| a key driver of the positive feedback loop in labor is cervical stretch leading to | oxytocin release and stronger contractions |
| some women prolong breastfeeding or lactation in general as a form of birth control. how would extension of lactation be effective in preventing pregnancy | prolactin is the hormone that corresponds with lactation. it also inhibits ovulation at the pituitary gland level, so as long as lactation is actively occurring, ovulation is prevented |
| some factors that help to stimulate the newborn's first breath are increasing CO2, decreasing O2, decreasing body temperature and mechanical situation | true |
| zika virus exposure during early pregnancy is described as potentially causing | microcephaly with diminished brain tissue |
| after the fetus is delivered, the placenta is expelled as the | afterbirth |
| DNA replication disruption during aging may contribute to | cell death due to damaged genetic instructions |
| hCG helps maintain early pregnancy by | keeping the corpus luteum viable |
| afterbirth, the foreman ovale is closed as a result of | increasing pressure in the left atrium |
| the trophoblast is the cell layer of the blastocyst that | forms supportive structures and secrets hCG |
| teratogens are | factors that cause malformations during rapid growth/ development/ specialization |
| before male and female nuclei unite, they are called | pronuclei |
| the external genitalia of the fetus can be distinguished as male or female by about ______weeks after fertilization | 12 |
Created by:
muvamayi