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study stack 11
study stack for chapter 11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Congenitally deaf | People who are born deaf (they have hearing loss from birth). |
| Adventitiously deaf | People who become deaf later in life, after birth (due to illness, injury, or other causes). |
| Prelingual deafness | Deafness that occurs before a person has developed language, usually at birth or in very early childhood. |
| Postlingual deafness | deafness that occurs after the development of speech and language |
| Malleus (hammer) | A tiny bone in the middle ear that receives vibrations from the eardrum and passes them along. |
| Incus (anvil) | The middle bone that transfers sound vibrations from the malleus to the stapes. |
| Stapes (stirrup) | The smallest bone in the body; it sends vibrations to the inner ear through the oval window. |
| Ossicles | The group of three small bones in the middle ear (malleus, incus, and stapes) that help transmit sound. |
| Oval window | A membrane-covered opening between the middle ear and inner ear that transfers vibrations into the inner ear. |
| Labyrinth | The complex, maze-like structure of the inner ear. |
| Vestibular mechanism | The part of the inner ear responsible for balance and sensing movement. |
| Cochlea | A spiral-shaped structure in the inner ear that converts sound vibrations into electrical signals for the brain. |
| Vestibular nerve | The nerve that sends balance and movement information from the inner ear to the brain. |
| Cochlear nerve | The nerve that carries sound signals from the cochlea to the brain |
| otoacoustic emissions | the cochlea not only receives but also emits low intensity sound when stimulated by auditory stimuli |
| audiologist | children detected through screening as having possible problems are referred for more intensive evaluation |
| pure tone audiometry | is designed to establish the individual's threshold for hearing at a variety of different frequencies |
| hertz | has to do with number of vibrations per unit of time of a soundwave |
| audiometric zero | because the decibel is based on ratios each increment of 10 DV is a 10- fold increase in intensity |
| speech audiometry | to test a person's detection and understanding of speech |
| speech reception threshold | the decibel level at which one can understand speech |
| conductive hearing impairment | refers to an interference with the transfer of sound along the conductive pathway of the middle or outer ear |
| mixed hearing | involves problem with inner ear |
| sensorineural hearing impairment | involves problem with inner ear |
| mixed hearing impairment | combination of 2 |
| external OTITIS | an infection of the skin of the external auditory canal |
| OTITIS media | an inflammation of the middle ear space |
| CONNEXIN-26 Gene | as the most common cause of congenital deafness |
| CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS | a herpes virus is the most frequent non genetic cause of deafness in infants |
| sign language | however historically sign language has suffered from several misconceptions including the belief that it is not a true language |
| grammatical complexity of sign language | researchers have continued to refine STOKOE-S work on sign language grammar confirming its complexity |
| Cochlear implantation | involves surgically inserting electronic elements under the skin behind the ear and in inner ear |
| in vitro fertilization | a procedure that is used to help in fertile couples |
| Oralism | Teaching method that focuses on speaking and listening skills instead of sign language. |
| Manualism | Communication approach that uses sign language and other visual/manual methods. |
| Total Communication (Simultaneous Communication) | Combines speech, sign language, and other methods all at once to support communication. |
| Bicultural-Bilingual Approach | Uses ASL as the first language and teaches a second language (like English) while embracing Deaf and hearing cultures. |
| ASL (American Sign Language) | A visual language using hand signs, facial expressions, and body movement. |
| Auditory-Verbal Approach | Uses hearing only (audition) to develop speech and language; relies on hearing aids/cochlear implants and early speech training. |
| Auditory-Oral Approach | Uses both hearing and visual cues (like speechreading and cued speech) to develop communication. |
| Speechreading (Lipreading) | Understanding speech by watching lips, facial expressions, and movements, not just hearing. |
| Cued Speech | Uses hand shapes and positions near the mouth to represent speech sounds and clarify similar-looking words. |
| Criticisms of the Oral Approach | Concerns that it limits access to sign language, assumes all children can use hearing effectively, and relies on difficult skills like speechreading. |
| Homophenes | Sounds or words that look the same on the lips when spoken (e.g., p, b, m). |
| total Communication / Simultaneous Communication | Combines speech and sign at the same time, using both oral and manual communication methods. |
Created by:
prooker