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chapter 5

TermDefinition
Binary Fission Type of cell division that occurs in prokaryotic cells in which a parent cells divides into two identical daughter cells.
Cancer Disease that occurs when the cell cycle is no longer regulated and cells divide out of control.
Cell cycle Repeating series of events that a cell goes through during its life, including growth, DNA, synthesis, and cell division.
Cell division Process in which a parent cell divides to form two daughter cells.
Cytokinesis Splitting of the cytoplasm to form daughter cells when a cell divides.
DNA replication Process of copying of DNA prior to cell division.
Interphase Stage of the eukaryotic cell cycle when the cell grows, synthesizes DNA, and prepares to divide.
Mitosis Process in which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides.
Tumor Abnormal mass of cells that may be cancerous.
Anaphase Third phase of mitosis during which sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
Centromere Region of sister chromatids where they are joined together.
Chromatid One of two identical copies of a chromosome that are joined together at a centromere before a cell divides.
Chromatin Grainy material that DNA forms when it is not coiled into chromosomes.
Chromosome Coiled structure made of DNA and proteins containing sister chromatids that is the form in which the genetic material of a cell goes through cell division.
Gene Unit of DNA on a chromosome that is encoded with the instructions for a single protein.
Homologous Chromosomes Pair of chromosomes that have the same size and shape and contain the same genes.
Metaphase Second phase of mitosis during which chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell.
Prophase First phase of mitosis during which chromatin condense into chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, centrioles separate, and a spindle begins to form.
Telophase Last stage of mitosis during which chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin, the spindle breaks down, and new nuclear membranes form.
Created by: Escarle
 

 



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