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whap unit 8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Big Three | The leaders of the main Allied nations during WWII: Great Britain, the US, and the Soviet Union |
| Tehran Conference | 1943 the first meeting of the Big Three, planned the invasion of Nazi occupied France |
| Yalta Conference | 1945 meeting to discuss post war europe; Stalin promised free elections |
| Potsdam Conference | Final WWII meeting; Truman and Stalin clashed, marking the start of Cold War distrust |
| Harry Truman | US president who started the " Containment" policy to stop communism |
| cold war | A decades long state of tension between the US and USSR without direct military fighting |
| hydrogen bomb | A second generation nuclear weapon much more powerful than the atomic bomb |
| Dwight Eisenhower | US president known for " Brinkmanship" |
| military industrial complex | The tight link between a government military and the industry that makes weapons |
| self determination | The right of a nations people to choose their own government |
| United Nations | International organization created after WWII to prevent future wars |
| Iron Curtain | The symbolic divide between democratic West Europe and communist East Europe |
| satellite countries | Nations in Eastern Europe controlled by the Soviet Union |
| world revolution | The communist belief that workers should rise up and overthrow capitalism globally |
| containment | The US strategy to stop communism from spreading to new countries |
| Truman Conference | US pledge to provide military/economic aid to countries fighting communism |
| Marshall Plan | US program that gave billions of dollars to rebuild Western Europe after WWII |
| Council for Mutual Economic Assistance ( COMECON) | The Soviet version of the Marshall Plan for Eastern Europe |
| Space Race | Competition between the US and USSR to dominate space exploration |
| Non- Aligned Movement | Developing nations that refused to pick a side in the Cold War |
| proxy wars | Indirect wars where superpowers back opposing sides instead of fighting each other |
| Berlin Airlift | US/UK flying food and fuel into West Berlin after a Soviet blockade. |
| Berlin Wall | A concreate barrier built by East Germanay to stop people from fleeing to the West |
| North Atlantic Treat Organization ( NATO) | A military alliance of Western nations for mutual defense. ( US, Canada, Europe) |
| Warsaw Pact | The soviet military alliance created to rival NATO |
| communist bloc | The group of communist states in Central and Eastern Europe |
| Southeast Asia Treaty Organization ( SEATO) | US led alliance to stop communism in southeast asia |
| Central Treaty Organization ( CENTO) | US led alliance to stop communism in the middle East |
| Korean War | 1950 conflict that ended in a stalemate, leaving Korea divided into North & South |
| Douglas MacArthur | US General who led UN forces in Korea until he was fired by Truman |
| Vietnam War | Long conflicted where the US tried to prevent a communist takeover of South Vietnam |
| Lyndon Johnson | US president who majorly increased American troop levels in Vietnam |
| domino therapy | The fear that if one country became communist, its neighbors would quickly follow |
| John F. Kennedy | US president during the Cuban Missile Crisis and Bay of Pigs |
| Bay of Pigs | A failed, CIA backed attempt by Cuban exiles to overthrow Fidel Castro |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | A terrifying 13 day standoff over soviet nukes in Cuba; the closest we came to nuclear war |
| Nikita Khruashchev | Soviet leader after stalin; he led the USSR during the height of the Cold war |
| Hot line | A direct phoneline between the US and the USSR to prevent accidental nuclear war |
| Nuclear Test Ban Treaty | An agreement to stop testing nuclear weapons in the atmosphere or underwater |
| Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty | An agreement to stop the spread of nuclear weapons to new countries |
| antinuclear weapons movement | A moment of people protesting to ban or reduce nuclear weapons to prevent war |
| land reform | Redistributing land from wealthy landowners to poor peaseants |
| Mao Zedong | The leader who established the communist peoples Republic of China |
| Great Leap Forward | Mao failed plan to rapidly industrialize China; it caused a massive famine |
| communes | Large state run farms where thousands of chinese peasants lived and worked together |
| Cultural Revolution | Mao movement to purge capitalist elements and reinforce communist passion |
| Red Guards | Groups of radical students who enforced Mao rules during the cultural Revolution |
| Muhammad Reza Pahlavi | The western back Shah of Iran overthrown in 1979 |
| Mohammad Mosaddegh | Iranian Prime Minister overthrown in the US backed coup after nationalizing oil |
| White Revolution | The Shah attempt to modernize Iran through land reform and womens right |
| theocracy | A government ruled by religious leaders |
| Haile Selassie | Emperor of Ethiopia overthrown by communist rebels in 1974 |
| Mengistu Haile Mariam | The leader of the brutal communist military regime in Ethiopia |
| Muslin League | Political group that pushed for a separate Muslim state |
| Kwame Nkrumah | Leader who led Ghana to independence from Britain and promoted Pan Africanism |
| one party state | A system where only one political party is legal, often used by new leaders to maintain power |
| Organization of African Unity ( OAU) | An organization founded to promote unity and end colonialism in Africa |
| Algerian War for independence | A violet struggle where Algeria fought to break free from French rule |
| Charles de Gaulle | The French President who eventually granted Algeria its independence |
| Algerian civil war | A 1990 conflict between the Algerian government and islamic rebel groups |
| Ho Chi Minh | The communist leader who led Vietnam fight for independence from France and the US |
| Viet Cong | Communist guerrilla fighters in south vietnam who fought against the US backed government |
| Gamal Abdel Nasser | President of Egypt who nationalized the suez canal and promoted Arab nationalism |
| Suez Crisis | A conflict where Britain, France, and Israel invaded Egypt over the Suez Canal; they were forced to withdraw by the US and USSR |
| Biafran Civil War | A war where the lbo people tried to secede from Nigeria |
| Quiet Revolution | A period of intense social and political change in Quebac, Canada, seeking more autonomy |
| Zionist Movement | The movement for the establishment of a Jewish state in their ancestral homeland |
| Six Day War | 1967 war where Israel defeated neighboring Arab states and seized new territories |
| Yom Kippur War | 1973 surprise attack on israel by Egypt and syria; led to global oil crisis |
| Camp David Accords | A 1978 peace treaty between Egypt and Israel brokered by the US |
| Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO) | An organization dedicated to creating an independent state for Palenstinians |
| Fatah | The largest faction of the PLO, generally seen as more moderate |
| Hamas | A militant Palestinian organization that controls the Gaza Strip |
| Khmer Rouge | A radial communist group in Cambodia that commited genocide against its own people |
| Kashmir | A region disputed between india and pakistan, leading to multiple wars |
| Sirimavo Bandaranaike | The worlds first female Prime Minister ( Sri Lanka) |
| Indira Gandhi | Powerful female Prime Minister of India who led during a time of major transition |
| Benazir Bhutto | The first woman elected to lead a Muslim state ( Pakistan) |
| Julius Nyerere | The first president of Tanzania who promoted African socialism |
| metropole | The mother country or central city of colonial empire |
| Martin Luther King Jr. | Used non violence to end segregation in the US |
| Nelson Mandela | Fought apartheid in South Africa; became their first black president |
| Wladyslaw Gomulka | Polish leader who wanted more independence from the Soviets |
| Imre Nagy | Hungarian leader who tried to leave the Soviet alliance; he was executed by the USSR |
| Prague Spring | A 1968 attempt in Czechoslovakia to bring more freedom and democracy to communism |
| Alexander Dubcek | The leader of the Prague Spring reform |
| Brezhnev Doctrine | The Soviet rule that they would invade any communist country that tried to change |
| Kent State University | US college where guardsmen killed 4 students during an anti Vietname War protest |
| Irish Republican Army | Catholic group using violence to get the British out of Northeren Ireland |
| Ulster Defence Association | Protestant group that fought the IRA to stay part of the UK |
| Basque Homeland and Freedom | A group that used violence to seek independence for the Basque region from Spain |
| Abimael Guzman | The leader of the Shining Path in Peru |
| Shining Path | A brutal communist guerrilla group in Peru that used terroism to try to overthrow the government |
| Ronald Reagan | US president who shifted from fighting communism to negotiating with the USSR to end the cold war |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | The last leader of the USSR; his reforms accidentally led tot the Soviet Union collapse |
| detente | A period of cooling off or relaxed tensions between the US and USSR during the 1970 |
| Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty ( SALT) | Agreements between the US and USSR to limit the number of nuclear missiles they had |
| Strategic Defense Initiative | Reagan’s plan for a space based missiles defense system |
| perstroika | Gorbachev plan to restructure the Soviet economy by adding some free market features |
| glasnost | Gorbachev policy of openness allowing more freedom of speech and government transparency |
| Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty ( INF) | An agreement between Reagan and Gorbachev to get rid of an entire class of mid range nuclear missiles |
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