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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Inauguration | a formal ceremony that officially marks the start of a new leader’s term |
| cabinet | Originated as small 16th-century Italian rooms for storing, displaying treasures |
| judiciary act of 1789 | 1789 law creating federal court system, establishing Supreme Court, lower courts |
| bill of rights | protect individual liberties |
| amendment | formal change or addition to a governing document |
| federalism | 1787 Constitution divided power between central government and state governments |
| checks and balances | Branches monitor each other to prevent any single power's tyranny |
| federalsits | Early American supporters of strong central government, Constitution ratification, and industrialization |
| democratic republican | Founded by Jefferson, they favored states' rights and agrarian interests |
| political party | Organized groups seeking power, originating 19th-century, dominate elections and policy |
| tariff | Tariffs are import taxes historically used to raise revenue and protect industries |
| excise tax | Indirect tax, historically on sin goods, began 1791, funds government. |
| whiskey rebelion | The 1794 Pennsylvania uprising against federal excise taxes on spirits. [1, 2, 3] |
| national bank | Hamilton proposed national banks in 1791; Act of 1863 formalized federal regulation, currency |
| neutrality | the policy of not taking sides in conflicts between others |
| Jay's treaty | A 1795 agreement between the U.S. and Britain avoiding war. |
| Pinckney's treaty | 1795 US-Spain treaty settling borders, Mississippi navigation rights, and trade |
| xyz affair | French agents demanded bribes, causing an undeclared naval Quasi-War |
| quasi-war | Undeclared 1798–1800 naval conflict between USA and France over trade |
| impressment | State-sanctioned kidnapping of men into naval service |
| alien and sedition acts | 1798 laws restricting foreign residents and criminalizing criticism of government |
| states rights | States' rights are powers reserved for state governments by the U.S. Constitution (10th Amendment), balancing federal authority |
| Kentucky and Virginia resolutions | 1798 protests by Jefferson/Madison against Alien/Sedition Acts, asserting states' rights |
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