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U.S. History Midterm

QuestionAnswer
Homestead Act 160 acres of free land to settlers if they lived on + farmed it for 5 years.
Transcontinental Railroad railroad completed in 1869, connected east + west, made travel easier + westward expansion
Manifest Destiny belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across North America from coast to coast.
How does the U.S. Gov. treat Native Americans during the period of Westward Expansion? Give examples. Forced native off their land onto reservations, broke treaties, used the military against them. Ex) Trail of Tears, Wounded Knee Massacre, Dawes Act
Social Darwinism "Survival of the fittest" between businesses + society, wealthy people are most successful/"fit".
Nativism "native-born Americans are superior", discrimination and anti-immigrant attitudes.
Bessemer Process Faster, cheaper way to make steel, helped make railroads and grow industry
Monopoly One company controls an entire industry (limits competition).
Why are monopolies illegal? Eliminates competition, too much power, increases prices.
What is the difference between vertical and horizontal consolidation? HC: Buying competing companies. VC: Controlling all steps of production.
Which major business leaders used these tactics? John D. Rockefeller - Horizontal Consolidation - Oil Andrew Carnegie - Vertical Consolidation - Steel
How did Ellis Island and Angel Island play a significant role in the late 1800s? They served as federal immigration processing centers.
Muckraker Journalists that exposed corruption, unsafe working conditions, poverty, pushed for reform. Ex) Upton Sinclair
17th Amendment Election of U.S. Senators by the people.
18th Amendment Prohibition - alcohol illegal to make + sell + consume
19th Amendment Women have the right to vote
Why is this time period known as the "progressive" era? Why is the name appropriate? People created reforms to fix problems from industrialization. Reforms fixed gov., working conditions, and rights.
Imperialism Policy of extending a country's power by gaining territories/influence over other countries.
Spanish-American War - Conflict Cuba wanting independence from Spain
Spanish-American War - U.S. Response Declared war on Spain
Spanish-American War - Why did the U.S. get involved? Wanted power/influence, felt bad for Cuba, USS Maine explosion, yellow journalism influence on public opinion
Spanish-American War - Outcomes U.S. won war, gained Puerto Rico, Guam, Phillippenes, Cuba became independent.
U.S.S. Maine Americans blamed Spain for the explosion of this ship in 1898.
Yellow Journalism Dramatic news stories used to influence/sell newspapers to people.
Explain the importance of the Panama Canal. (Major Accomplishment) Connected Atlantic + Pacific oceans, made trade + travel easier/cheaper, strengthened U.S. military/economy.
WWI MAIN Causes Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
Event that sparked WWI The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
How did the U.S. initially respond to the start of the war in Europe? Stayed neutral, tried to avoid.
Treaty of Versailles Ended WWI, punished Germany with harsh penalties, lost land, military limits, and war guilt.
Wilson's 14 Points Wilson's plan for peace, self-determination, free trade, League of Nations to prevent wars.
League of Nations U.S. didn't join, international organization to keep peace + fix conflict.
Harlem Renaissance Movement in 1920s when African American art, music, and literature thrived.
Explain why prohibition failed. What was the negative outcome of Prohibition? People still drank illegally, caused crime, bootlegging, speakeasies, and violence.
What gave the illusion of a booming economy in the 1920s? How did this ultimately lead to the Great Depression? Seemed strong because of buying credit/stock markets, which crashed and put people in debt and led to the Great Depression.
Bootlegging illegal manufacture/sale of alcohol
Speakeasies hidden bar during prohibition.
Created by: 15784
 

 



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