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Int'l Conflicts 4.3
Vocabulary from Florida Benchmark SS.7.CG.4.3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| international conflicts | a serious dispute, disagreement, or clash between different nations, states, or their inhabitants; one country's interests/goals threaten or interfere with another's. These conflicts can range from nonviolent diplomatic tensions to armed, violent warfare |
| diplomacy | relationships between countries through dialogue, negotiation, and cooperation, rather than conflict or war. It is used to advance a nation’s interests, solve global problems, and maintain peace, often requiring skill and tact to reach agreements |
| espionage | the secret, illegal practice of spying to gather confidential information, secrets, or intelligence from a government, organization, or business. Often referred to as 'spying' |
| humanitarian efforts | actions taken to save lives, alleviate suffering, and maintain human dignity, particularly during crises like natural disasters, armed conflicts, or famines |
| peacekeeping missions/operations | international effort to maintain or restore peace in conflict-stricken areas. Lightly armed forces are deployed with the consent of fighting parties to supervise truces, protect civilians, and assist in implementing peace agreements |
| sanctions | penalties or restrictions imposed by one country (or group) on another country, entity, or individual to force a change in behavior, punish illegal actions, or uphold international law |
| war | state of organized, and armed conflict between countries or large groups. It involves intentional violence (weapons/armies) to achieve political, economic, or territorial goals. Wars can be fought between nations or within a country (civil war) |
| Roosevelt Corollry to the Monroe Doctrine | 1904 policy that said the U.S. would intervene in Latin American nations to maintain economic and political stability. It positioned the U.S. as THE power of the Western Hemisphere and eventually lead America become the police officer of the world |
| Truman Doctrine ('policy of containment') | 1947 policy pledge to provide military and economic aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian aggression but not to fully engage in war with Communists; it was an attempt at 'containing' communism and not let it spread |
| World War II | largest/deadliest global conflict ever; involved the world's powers divided in two: Allied Powers (US/UK/Russia) and Axis Powers (Germany/Italy/Japan); triggered by German expansionism, resulted in massive property destruction and 60–80 million deaths. |
| Cold War | post-WWII era of tensions between America and its democratic allies against the Soviet Union/Russians and their communist allies. It ended when the Berlin Wall was torn down in 1989 - ending the 40+ year era. |
| Korean War | a conflict with the backdrop of the Cold War; between North Korea (backed by China and the Soviet Union) and South Korea (supported by the United States and the United Nations). American involvement ended in 1953; conflict is still on-going |
| Berlin Airlift | massive 15-month mission by the US/ UK to fly food, fuel, and supplies into West Berlin after Russians blockaded all land access to the city, attempting to force Western Allies out of their Berlin occupation zones; saved West Berlin w/out direct conflict |
| Bay of Pigs Fiasco | a failed 1961 invasion of Cuba by CIA-trained Cuban exiles, authorized by President Kennedy to overthrow Fidel Castro’s communist government; weakened Kennedy's trust in the CIA |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | 13-day standoff in October 1962 between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, ignited by the secret installation of Soviet nuclear bombs in Cuba (90 miles from Florida). Solved diplomatically, it is considered the closest the world ever came to nuclear war |
| Iran Hostage Crisis | a 444-day standoff where Iranian revolutionaries seized the U.S. Embassy in Tehran on November 4, 1979, taking 52 Americans hostage. Triggered by American support for the Western-educated Shah |
| Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 | Passed by overriding a veto, a U.S. federal law that imposed strict economic sanctions on South Africa to pressure its government into ending racial segregation policy/apartheid); banned business/trade with South Africa as part until change occurred |
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CivicsDAOF