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Laws fig lang
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alliteration | a literary device involving the repetition of the same initial consonant sound or letter in a series of closely connected words ex: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers |
| Allusion | a brief, indirect literary device that references a famous person, place, event, or artistic work assuming the reader recognizes the context ex: "He's a real Scrooge" |
| Allegory | a narrative that uses symbolic characters, settings, and plot points to represent complex, hidden meanings usually relating to morality, politics, or religion ex: Animal Farm by George Orwell serves as a political allegory |
| Analogy | a literary device that creates a comparison between two different things to highlight a shared, underlying similarity, often used to explain complex ideas or create vivid imagery |
| Antagonist | a character, group, or force that opposes the protagonist (main character), creating conflict and tension |
| Anecdote | a short, personal, or biographical narrative detailing an interesting, amusing, or biographical incident, often used to illustrate a specific point, theme, or character trait |
| Assonance | when vowel sounds repeat in nearby words, especially in the middle of words or in stressed syllables ex: “The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain.” |
| Archetype | a universal, recurring pattern of character, symbol, or situation in literature |
| Archetype: The Hero | A protagonist who rises to meet challenges, often embarking on a quest (e.g., Odysseus, Harry Potter). |
| Archetype: The Mentor | An older, wiser figure who guides the hero (e.g., Merlin, Dumbledore). |
| Archetype: The Trickster | A mischievous character who breaks rules and subverts expectations (e.g., Loki, Puck). |
| Archetype: The Villain | The antagonist representing evil or chaos, opposing the hero. (Thanos) |
| Archetype: The Outcast | A character marginalized or rejected by society (e.g., Frankenstein's monster). |
| Archetype: The Innocent | A relatable character seeking safety or belonging (chicken little) |
| Ballad | a form of narrative poetry, often set to music, that tells a dramatic, condensed story through song-like stanzas |
| Conflict | when a character wants something but something else gets in the way |
| Character vs. Self (Internal Conflict) | This involves a protagonist's internal struggle, such as moral dilemmas, difficult decisions, addiction, or self-doubt. |
| Character vs. Character (Interpersonal Conflict) | The protagonist faces direct opposition from another character, such as a villain, rival, or antagonist |
| Character vs. Society (External Conflict) | The protagonist struggles against laws, traditions, or social norms, often fighting for justice or freedom in an oppressive environment. |
| Character vs. Nature (External Conflict) | The protagonist battles natural disasters, extreme environments, wild animals, or disease, often focused on survival. |
| Character vs. Technology (External Conflict) | The character faces conflict with computers, robots, AI, or scientific advancements that have gone out of control. |
| Character vs. Supernatural or Fate (External Conflict) | The protagonist facesforces that defy natural law, such as ghosts, monsters, or gods, or struggles against a preordained, inescapable destiny. |
| Connotation | the emotional, cultural, or associative meanings attached to a word beyond its literal definition |
| Consonance | a literary device characterized by the repetition of the same consonant sounds within nearby words, usually in rapid succession ex: pitter-patter |
| Couplet | a literary device featuring two consecutive lines of verse that usually rhyme and share the same meter, forming a complete unit of thought |
| Denotation | the literal, objective, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of emotional, cultural, or implied associations |
| Denouement | the final part of a literary work, occurring after the climax, where plot complications are resolved. It provides closure, restores order, and defines the characters' new reality, often allowing the audience to exhale after high tension |
| Diction | an author's intentional word choice, style of expression, and vocabulary, which directly shapes the tone, mood, and characterization |
| Dialect | a regional or social variety of a language distinguished by unique vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, used to convey the authentic speech patterns of a specific group, region, or time period |
| Epic | a long, elevated narrative poem or story that chronicles the extraordinary adventures of a hero, often reflecting the values of a specific culture or nation |
| Flashback | a literary device that interrupts a story’s chronological timeline to show events from the past, providing crucial backstory, character development, or context |
| Foil | a character, object, or subplot that contrasts with another character—usually the protagonist—to highlight specific traits, strengths, or flaws |
| Foreshadowing | a literary device where an author drops subtle hints, clues, or symbolic imagery to suggest future plot developments, creating suspense and preparing the reader for upcoming events |
| Fiction | a form of literature that is created from the imagination rather than being based strictly on historical facts or real-life events |
| Formal Language | a precise, structured communication style adhering to strict grammar rules, avoiding slang, contractions, and first-person pronouns |
| Free Verse | a form of poetry that does not adhere to consistent meter, rhyme schemes, or musical patterns |
| Hyperbole | a figure of speech using extreme, non-literal exaggeration to emphasize a point, evoke strong emotions, or create humor in literature |
| Imagery | the use of vivid, descriptive language that appeals to the five senses—sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch—to create mental images for the reader |
| Internal Rhyme | based upon the location of the rhyme within a single line of poetry or across multiple lines. It occurs when multiple words rhyme within the lines of poetry instead of at the end of the lines. |
| Verbal Irony | When a speaker or character says one thing but means the opposite, often used for sarcasm or wit. |
| Situational Irony | When the outcome of a situation is the exact opposite of what was intended, expected, or appropriate. |
| Dramatic Irony | A plot device where the audience or reader understands crucial information that the characters in the story do not, creating suspense or irony. |
| Inference vs Observation | Observation: Factual statements about phenomena, often divided into qualitative or quantitative. It is what you notice directly. Inference: A logical conclusion, prediction, or explanation based on observations and background knowledge. |
| inexplicitly stated | information that is not fully, clearly, or directly stated, expressed, or revealed |
| explicitly stated | a direct, precise, and unambiguous statement that defines a concept, character, or plot point without requiring inference |
| metaphor | a figure of speech that directly compares two unrelated things by stating one is the other |
| mood | the emotional atmosphere or "vibe" of a piece, specifically the feeling a writer evokes in the reader |
| metonymy | a figure of speech in literature where a concept or object is referred to by the name of something closely associated with it, rather than its literal name ex: "the Crown" to represent a king |
| informal language | a relaxed, conversational style of communication characterized by simple vocabulary, colloquialisms, slang, and contractions, often mirroring spoken language |
| colloquial language | the use of informal, everyday speech, regional dialects, or casual expressions that add realism and authenticity to characters and settings |
| narrator | the voice or character telling a story, acting as the mediator between the author and the reader |
| nonfiction | a genre of writing based on facts, real events, and actual people, designed to inform, instruct, or persuade, rather than to tell a fictional story |
| onomatopoeia | a literary device and figure of speech where words imitate the natural sounds associated with objects or actions ex: "buzz," "hiss," or "bang" |
| oxymoron | a figure of speech that pairs two contradictory or opposing words together to create a paradoxical effect ex: bittersweet |
| paradox | a statement, character, or situation that appears self-contradictory, illogical, or absurd on the surface but reveals a deeper, hidden truth, irony, or complex meaning upon closer examination ex: "I can resist anything but temptation" |
| personification | a literary device that gives human qualities, emotions, or actions to inanimate objects, animals, or abstract concepts to create vivid imagery and emotional connection |
| plot | the structured sequence of interconnected events, actions, and character decisions that constitute a narrative, moving beyond mere chronological order to showcase cause-and-effect |
| POV | the narrative perspective—or "who" is telling the story—which determines how readers receive information, experience emotions, and understand events |
| First-Person Point of View | The narrator is a character in the story, often the protagonist, using "I," "me," "we," or "us." This provides direct access to the narrator's thoughts, feelings, and personal biases. |
| Second-Person Point of View | The narrator addresses the reader directly using the pronoun "you." Rare in fiction, it is used to make the reader a participant in the story. |
| Third-Person Point of View | The narrator is an outsider (not a character) and uses pronouns like "he," "she," "it," and "they." This offers flexibility and is broken into three types: |
| Third-Person Omniscient | The narrator is "god-like," knowing the thoughts, feelings, and actions of all characters. |
| Third-Person Limited | The narrator focuses on the thoughts and feelings of a single character, providing an outside perspective that is limited in scope. |
| Third-Person Objective | The narrator acts like a camera, describing only actions and dialogue without access to any character's internal thoughts |
| protagonist | the central, main character in a literary work, around whom the plot, conflicts, and themes revolve |
| repetition | a literary device involving the intentional reuse of sounds, words, phrases, or ideas to create rhythm, emphasize key themes, and enhance emotional impact |
| resolution | the final part of a narrative plot, occurring after the falling action, where the main conflict is resolved and loose ends are tied up |
| rising action | the segment of a story’s plot that begins after the exposition (initial setup) and inciting incident, building tension, increasing stakes, and introducing obstacles for the protagonist |
| setting | the time and place—the "when" and "where"—in which a story unfolds, encompassing geographical location, historical era, social context, and weather |
| simile | a figure of speech and literary device that directly compares two distinct, often unrelated things to create vivid imagery or highlight a specific quality, typically using the words "like," "as," or "than" |
| stanza | a group of lines arranged together, typically separated from others by a blank space, indentation, or consistent rhythm/rhyme |
| sonnet | a 14-line poem traditionally written in iambic pentameter with an intricate rhyme scheme, originating from the Italian word sonetto ("little song") |
| stereotype | a simplified, standardized, or overgeneralized representation of a character, group, or idea, often based on preconceived prejudices rather than nuanced reality |
| synecdoche | a figure of speech in literature where a part of something represents the whole, or conversely, the whole is used to represent a part |
| symbol | a tangible object, character, setting, or action that represents an abstract idea, emotion, or theme beyond its literal meaning |
| satire | a genre and a literary device that uses humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose, criticize, and mock human vices, follies, abuses, or shortcomings |
| theme | the central, underlying, and often universal idea, message, or question explored throughout a text |
| tone | the author’s attitude, emotional perspective, or "voice" towards their subject, characters, or audience, created through word choice (diction), sentence structure (syntax), and imagery |
| tragedy | a genre of drama or narrative that treats serious, somber themes—such as downfall, death, and human suffering—in a dignified style. |
| understatement | a rhetorical device that deliberately minimizes a situation, emotion, or object, presenting it as less significant, serious, or intense than it actually is |
| Purpose | refers to the author's intent—the reason they chose to write a specific text and how they intend to affect the reader |
| Purpose: To Entertain (Narrative/Literary) | The author aims to amuse, engage, or emotionally involve the reader through storytelling, humor, or imaginative narratives. |
| Purpose: To Inform (Expository) | The author seeks to provide factual information, educate the audience, or explain a concept, process, or event |
| Purpose: To Persuade (Argumentative/Persuasive) | The author aims to convince the reader to adopt a particular viewpoint, change their minds, or take specific action |
| Purpose: To Express a Viewpoint (Expressive/Descriptive) | The author shares their personal feelings, beliefs, or interpretations on a subject, often focusing on aesthetic or emotional expression |
| primary source | an original, first-hand account of research, data, or events, created by the individuals directly involved at the time of study |
| secondary source | a document or work that analyzes, interprets, evaluates, or critiques a primary source (the original literary work). Written after the fact by scholars or critics, these sources provide context, arguments, and academic perspectives on texts |
| narrative poem | a genre of poetry that tells a story, featuring characters, plot, setting, and a narrator, often structured in metered verse |
| idiom | a phrase or expression whose meaning cannot be understood from the literal definition of its individual words, but rather from a figurative, culturally understood meaning |
| Dynamic Character | a character who undergoes a significant internal transformation—such as a shift in personality, attitude, or perspective—over the course of a story |
| Static Character | a character who undergoes little or no significant internal change, growth, or development throughout the course of a story |
| memoir | a non-fiction, personal narrative focusing on a specific period, theme, or pivotal experience in the author’s life rather than a full chronological autobiography |
| parallelism | the use of matching grammatical structures, phrases, or clauses to balance ideas, create rhythm, and enhance rhetorical impact ex: hiking, dancing, and swimming |
| epistolary | a literary form where the story is told through documents |
| rhetorical appeals | persuasive strategies used in literature and communication to influence an audience's attitude, belief, or response (Ethos,Pathos,&Logos) |
| Ethos (Credibility/Character) | Establishes the speaker’s or author’s authority, trustworthiness, and credibility to speak on a subject, often through tone, reputation, or shared values with the audience. |
| Pathos (Emotion) | Connects with the audience by appealing to their emotions, such as sympathy, fear, anger, or compassion. Techniques include vivid language, storytelling, and poignant examples. |
| Logos (Logic/Reason) | Appeals to the audience's intellect using reason, facts, statistics, logical arguments, and structure, such as inductive or deductive reasoning. |
| juxtaposition | the placement of two contrasting ideas, characters, actions, or images side-by-side to highlight their differences, reveal hidden similarities, or create irony and tension |
| rhetorical question | a figure of speech posed for effect, emphasis, or provocation rather than to elicit an answer |
| hypocrisy | he feigning of beliefs, feelings, or virtues that one does not actually possess, often characterized by behavior that contradicts one's stated standards |
| appositive | a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase placed next to another noun to rename, identify, or explain it in a more detailed way. |
| fallacy | a flaw in logic used to persuade, often appearing as a convincing argument that lacks adequate evidence |
| logical fallacies | an error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid, weak, or deceptive, often appearing convincing while lacking supporting evidence |
| hasty generalization | a logical fallacy occurring when a broad conclusion is drawn from a sample size that is too small, unrepresentative, or biased |
| circular reasoning | a logical fallacy where an argument's conclusion is assumed within its premise, resulting in a closed loop that lacks independent evidence |
| slippery slope | a logical fallacy claiming that a relatively small first step will inevitably lead to a chain of related, negative events, culminating in a major, undesirable outcome |
Created by:
Georgia0630