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Anatomy - Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Q: What is anatomy? | A: Study of body structure and organisation, including organs and tissues. |
| Q: What is physiology? | A: Study of how the body functions, including chemical and physical processes. |
| What are the three levels of anatomy? | - gross - surface - microscopic |
| what are the two types of gross anatomy? | - systemic - regional |
| Q: Systemic anatomy | A: Study of the body by systems (e.g. digestive system). |
| Q: Surface anatomy | A: Study of external features to locate internal structures. |
| Q: Microscopic anatomy | A: Study of cells and tissues using a microscope. |
| Q: Cytology | A: Study of cells. |
| Q: Histology | A: Study of tissues. |
| Q: Developmental anatomy | A: Study of changes from fertilisation to adulthood. |
| Q: Three levels of physiology | - molecular - cellular - function of cells |
| Q: Molecular physiology | A: Function of molecules (proteins, DNA). |
| Q: Cellular physiology | A: Function of cells (metabolism, transport). |
| Q: Systemic physiology | A: Function of organ systems. |
| what are the 6 levels of organisation? | 1. chemical 2. cellular 3. tissue 4. organ 5. organ system level 6. organism |
| Q: Chemical level | A: Atoms and molecules (e.g. water, glucose). |
| Q: Cellular level | A: Organelles and cells. |
| Q: Tissue level | A: Groups of similar cells performing a function. |
| Q: Organ level | A: Multiple tissues working together. |
| Q: Organ system level | A: Organs working together. |
| Q: Organism level | A: Entire living body. |
| what are the 6 characteristics of life? | - organism - metabolism - responsiveness - growth - development - reproduction |
| Q: Organisation | A: Structured arrangement of body parts. |
| Q: Metabolism | A: All chemical reactions (catabolism + anabolism). |
| Q: Responsiveness | A: Ability to react to stimuli. |
| Q: Development | A: Changes in form and function. |
| Q: Reproduction | A: Production of new cells or organisms. |
| Q: Growth | A: Increase in size or number of cells. |
| Q: Homeostasis | A: Maintenance of stable internal conditions. |
| Anatomical position – | the standard reference we use to describe body parts and their position/relation to other parts. |
| Supine – | person/thing laying down with face up |
| Prone – | person/thing laying down with face down. |
| Directional terms – | describe the parts of the body relative to each other |
| negative feedback - | acts to return the variable to its normal range |
| 10 directional terms - | superior inferior anterior posterior proximal distal medial lateral superficial deep |
| - Superior | – above/towards the head e.g chin is superior to the navel |
| - Inferior | – towards the feet e.g feet inferior to the stomach |
| - Anterior | – towards the front e.g breast anterior to the spine |
| - Posterior | – towards the back e.g kidneys are posterior to the naval |
| - Proximal | – closer to the body e.g elbow is proximal to the writs |
| - Distal | – toes are distal to the knee (relevant to the limbs) |
| - Medial | – towards the mid line of the body e.g sternum is medial to the shoulder |
| - Lateral | – Away from the mid line of the body e.g ears are lateral to the nose |
| - Superficial | – closer to the surface e.g skin is superficial to the bone |
| - Deep | – towards interior of the body e.g muscle is deep to the dermis |
Created by:
olivia.cheeseman