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Immune/Lymphatic
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pandemic | Worldwide spread of disease |
| Epidemic | Disease in specific areas, usually the starting point before pandemic |
| Endemic | Disease that is always present (influenza), which we cannot prevent entirely |
| R0 | How many people you can spread if infected, measures how contagious |
| Mortality | Death rate |
| Lethality | How fast the disease will kill you, good disease slowly kills |
| Infectious period | How long you have the disease, with symptoms or without |
| Contagion period | How long you can spread it and sometimes the virus can be dormant |
| Disease transmission | Airborne/respiratory diseases: highly contagious, bodily fluid including blood, spit, urine, feces: contagious, sexually transmitted: no terribly effected |
| Next pandemic perchance | 10-20 years, world wide travel, current epidemics |
| Vaccine | Small portions, replica, or dead virus in order to develop antibodies, less likely to get virus, fewer symptoms, and very unlikely to die |
| Herd-immunity | Get the disease and recover or vaccinated, prevents disease for those who cannot get vaccinated, 90% needs to be immune for this is be effective |
| Antibiotic resistance | Bacteria resistance to treatment, evolution, finish course of antibiotic or don’t over take |
| Immune cells | White blood cells and secondary circulatory systems |
| Lymphatic vessels | Vessels that are filled with lymph |
| Lymph | derived from blood plasma that circulates through the lymphatic system to maintain fluid balance, transport white blood cells, and absorb fats. It acts as a critical immune system component, filtering waste, bacteria, and cancer cells from tissues |
| Lymph nodes | Principal lymphoid organs of the body near body surface because the baddies enter from the outside: filter lymph trap bacteria, viruses, and abnormal cells (including cancer), allowing lymphocytes inside to destroy the pathogens and fight infections |
| Lymphocytes | T cells and B cells: both develop in bone marrow, however Thymus is where the T cells mature |
| Spleen | Largest lymphoid organs, function: site of immune surveillance and response, cleans blood, storage: platelets for clotting and iron for hemoglobin. |
| Thymus | Functions strictly in T lymphocyte maturation, does not directly fight antigens, starts large as a baby |
| Tonsils | Simplest lymphoid organs: Trap and destroy bacteria near the head because there are holes in the superior portion of the body: Pharengeal : adenoids which are near the ear and are removed for sinus infection, Palatine tonsils: strep, Lingunal tonsil tong. |
| Immunity | Resistance to disease innate: non specific, things that you are born with equal amount of fighting, adaptive (specific): towards specific disease |
| Surface barriers | Surface barriers, comprising the skin and mucous membranes, are the innate immune system's first line of defense, physically separating the body from pathogens |
| Protective chemicals | Inhibit or destroy microorganisms: skin - acidic, sweat: antibiotics, stomach acidic, saliva and tears: antibiotic, nose: hair and mucus, cilia: sweep baddies found in places like respiratory. |
| Internal defenses | Cells or chemicals necessary if microorganisms invade deeper tissues |
| Phagocytes | Eats cells - macrophages and neutrophils |
| Natural killer cells | Specialized, fast-acting white blood cells of the innate immune system that destroy virus-infected and tumor cells, send out spears and suck out insides |
| Antimicrobials proteins | Tag infected cells |
| Fever | Turn up temp and kill baddies - 100.4 Fever |
| Adaptive defenses | Adaptive immune response: systemic because it uses the circulatory and lymphatic systems to transport activated B and T lymphocytes throughout the body, memory, and specific, has humoral (antibody mediated) and cellular (cells mediated). |
| Humoral branch one: active | When B cells get exposed to an antigens -> produce an antibody against them naturally (response to bacterial or viral infection). Artificially acquired - response to a vaccine or attenuated pathogens |
| Humoral branch two: passive | B cells are not challenged by antigens, don’t get to keep antibodies made, memory does not occur. |
| Natural Passive Humoral Adaptive Immunity | Antibiotics are delivered to fetuses via the placenta or infant through milk |
| Artificial acquired | Injections of serum such as gamma globin |
| Cellular immunity | T-lymphocytes based off tags, must identify self from non-self (MHC or Major Histocompatibility Complex), autoimmune: sometimes immune system gets confused |
| Allergies | Thinks something is a baddies even if it isn’t a threat: anaphylactic shock: body decides that the “pathogen” or in those case allergen shouldn’t get in and stops breathing -> body decides that you cannot breathe. |
| Organ transplants | autografts: skin, isograft: identical twins (same MHCs) the first two have no chance of rejection, allografts: someone else, MHCs should be similar, xenografts: different organisms |
| Rejection | Anti-rejection drugs, immunosupressors, lasts 15-ish years. |
Created by:
nuhaSalim