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Ch12 Vocab

TermDefinition
Decibiles Units used to measure the intensity (loudness) of sound.
Congenitally Deaf Deaf from birth or before acquiring language.
Adventitiously Deaf Becomes deaf after birth (due to illness, injury, etc.).
Prelingual Deafness Hearing loss that occurs before language develops.
Postlingual Deafness Hearing loss that occurs after language has developed.
Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum) The eardrum; vibrates when sound waves hit it.
Auricle The outer ear that collects and directs sound into the ear canal.
Ossicles Three tiny bones in the middle ear that amplify sound.
Malleus First ossicle (hammer), attached to the eardrum.
Incus Middle ossicle (anvil).
Stapes Final ossicle (stirrup), sends vibrations to the inner ear.
Oval Window Membrane that transfers vibrations from the stapes to the inner ear.
Vestibular Mechanism Part of the inner ear that controls balance and spatial orientation.
Cochlea Spiral-shaped inner ear structure that converts sound into nerve signals.
Otoacoustic Emissions Sounds produced by the inner ear used to test hearing, especially in newborns.
Audiologist A professional who identifies, measures, and treats hearing problems.
Pure-Tone Audiometry Test measuring the faintest tones a person can hear at different pitches.
Hertz Unit measuring sound frequency (pitch).
Audiometric Zero The baseline (0 dB) representing average normal hearing.
Speech Audiometry Test measuring ability to hear and understand speech.
Speech-Reception the lowest level of loudness (in decibels) at which a person can correctly understand and repeat simple spoken words about 50% of the time.
Conductive Hearing Impairment Problem in outer or middle ear blocking sound transmission.
Sensorineural Hearing Impairment Damage to inner ear or auditory nerve (often permanent).
Mixed Hearing Impairment Combination of conductive and sensorineural loss.
External Otitis Infection of the outer ear canal (“swimmer’s ear”).
Otitis Media Middle ear infection, common in young children.
Connexin-26 Gene A gene mutation that is a common cause of hereditary deafness.
Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) A virus that can cause hearing loss when present at birth.
Sign Language A visual language using hand shapes, movements, and facial expressions.
In Vitro Fertilization Medical procedure where eggs are fertilized outside the body (sometimes linked to higher risk factors for disabilities).
Oralism-Manualism Debate Debate over teaching speech/lip-reading vs. sign language.
Total Communication Using all forms of communication (speech, sign, gestures, etc.).
Simultaneous Communication Speaking and signing at the same time.
Bicultural Bilingual Approach Teaching both sign language and written/spoken language, valuing Deaf culture.
Auditory Verbal Approach Emphasizes listening and spoken language, often using hearing aids/cochlear implants.
Auditory Oral Approach Uses hearing plus speechreading to develop spoken language.
Speechreading Understanding speech by watching lips, face, and gestures.
Cued Speech Hand signals used with lip movements to clarify spoken sounds.
Homophenes Words that look the same on the lips (e.g., “bat” and “mat”).
Signing English Systems Systems that represent English grammar visually through signs.
Fingerspelling Using hand shapes to spell words letter by letter.
Text Telephones (TT) Devices that allow typed communication over phone lines.
Video Relay Service (VRS) Allows deaf individuals to communicate via sign language through video interpreters.
Transliteration Converting spoken language into a signed form that follows English structure (not full interpretation).
Created by: user-2015788
 

 



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