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Chapter 11 Study
Mr. King Chapter 11 Study Stack
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Decibels | Units of relative loudness of sounds. |
| Congenitally Deaf | Those who are born deaf. |
| Adventitiously Deaf | Those who acquire deafness at some time after birth. |
| Prelingual Deafness | Deafness that occurs at birth or early in life before speech and language develop. |
| Postlingual Deafness | Deafness that occurs after the development of speech and language. |
| Tympanic Membrane (eardrum) | The boundary between the outer and middle ears. |
| Auricle | The part of the ear that protrudes from the side of the head. |
| Ossicles | Three tiny bones in the middle ear that help us hear by transmitting sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. |
| Malleus | Attached to the eardrum. |
| Incus | Connect the malleus to the stapes. |
| Stapes | Sends vibrations to the inner ear (cochlea) |
| Oval Window | A small membrane-covered opening between the middle ear and the inner ear that plays a key role in hearing. |
| Vestibular Mechanism | Responsible for the sense of balance. |
| Cochlea | A spiral-shaped, fluid-filled structure in the inner ear that converts sound vibrations into electrical signals the brain can understand. |
| Otoacoustic Emissions | Very soft sounds produced by the inner ear (cochlea) specifically by the outer hair cells in response to auditory stimulation. |
| Audiologist | A licensed healthcare professional who specializes in identifying, diagnosing, and treating hearing and balance disorders. |
| Pure-Tone Audiometry | A hearing test used to measure a person’s ability to hear sounds at different pitches (frequencies) and volumes (intensities). |
| Hertz | The unit used to measure frequency, or how many sound wave cycles occur in one second. |
| Audiometric Zero | The reference point used in hearing tests that represents the average normal hearing level—it is set at 0 decibels (dB) on an audiogram. |
| Speech Audiometry | A hearing test that measures how well a person can hear and understand spoken words, not just tones. |
| Speech-Reception | The lowest intensity (softest volume) at which a person can correctly identify or repeat 50% of spoken words. |
| Conductive Hearing Impairment | A type of hearing loss that occurs when sound waves cannot efficiently travel through the outer ear or middle ear to reach the inner ear. |
| Sensorineural Hearing Impairment | A type of hearing loss caused by problems in the inner ear (cochlea) or the auditory nerve, which prevents sound signals from being properly sent to the brain. |
| Mixed Hearing Impairment | A type of hearing loss that combines both conductive and sensorineural problems, meaning there are issues in both the outer/middle ear and the inner ear or auditory nerve. |
| External Otitis | An infection or inflammation of the outer ear canal, the part that runs from the ear opening to the eardrum. |
| Otitis media | An infection or inflammation of the middle ear, the space behind the eardrum that contains the ossicles. |
| Connexin-26 gene | A gene that provides instructions for making the protein connexin 26, which is essential for normal inner ear (cochlea) function and hearing. |
| Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | A viral infection that a baby acquires before birth, when the mother passes the cytomegalovirus to the fetus during pregnancy. |
| Sign Language | A visual-manual language that uses hand shapes, movements, facial expressions, and body language to communicate, primarily used by people who are deaf or hard of hearing. |
| In Vitro Fertilization | A medical procedure in which an egg is fertilized by sperm outside the body, in a laboratory dish, and then implanted in the uterus. |
| Oralism-Manualism Debate | A historical and ongoing discussion about the best method to educate children who are deaf or hard of hearing—whether to focus on speech and lip-reading (oralism) or sign language and visual communication (manualism). |
| Total Communication | An educational approach for children who are deaf or hard of hearing that uses a combination of communication methods, including speech, sign language, gestures, lip-reading, writing, and visual aids. |
| Simultaneous Communication | A method of communication in which a person uses spoken language and sign language at the same time. |
| Bicultural Bilingual Approach | An educational approach for deaf or hard-of-hearing students that emphasizes both bilingualism (sign language and written/spoken language) and biculturalism (Deaf culture and hearing culture). |
| Auditory Verbal Approach | A hearing-focused method of teaching children who are deaf or hard of hearing to listen and speak, emphasizing the use of residual hearing rather than sign language. |
| Auditory oral Approach | A method of teaching children who are deaf or hard of hearing to use spoken language by combining listening with visual cues, such as lip-reading and speechreading. |
| Speechreading | The process of understanding spoken language by visually interpreting the movements of the lips, face, and tongue, as well as gestures and facial expressions. |
| Cued Speech | A visual communication system that uses hand shapes and placements near the mouth to represent the sounds (phonemes) of spoken language, making speech easier to see and understand. |
| Homophenes | Words or sounds that look the same on the lips when speech reading (lip-reading), even though they sound different. |
| Signing English Systems | A set of communication methods that use signs to represent English words and grammar, rather than using natural sign languages like American Sign Language (ASL). |
| Fingerspelling | A method of spelling words using hand shapes to represent individual letters of the alphabet, often used in conjunction with sign language. |
| Text Telephones (TT) | A device that allows people who are deaf, hard of hearing, or speech-impaired to communicate over the telephone using typed text instead of voice. |
| Video Relay Service (VRS) | A telecommunications service that allows people who are deaf or hard of hearing to communicate with hearing individuals through a sign language interpreter via video. |
| Transliteration | The process of converting words from one language or system of communication into another, maintaining the sounds or letters, rather than meaning. |
Created by:
chandlerhayes14