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BMB 4450

Energy Metabolism and Balance

QuestionAnswer
During fed-state, what happens to dietary glucose? glucose is shuttled to organs and converted into acetyl-CoA for ATP production
During fed-state, what happens to dietary fats? fats will be shuttle to adipose tissue
During fed-state, what happens to dietary proteins? proteins are broken down into amino acids in tissues and liver
During fasting-state, what is happening to TAGs in adipose tissues? TAGs -> fatty acids -> shuttled to liver and muscles -> acetyl-CoA
During fasting-state, what is happening to TAGs shuttled to the liver? TAGs -> fatty acids -> ATP production and acetyl-CoA -> ketone bodies -> shuttled to muscles -> acetyl-CoA
During fasting-state, what is happening to glycerol from adipose tissue? glycerol is shuttled to the liver -> glucose production -> shuttled to brain and red blood cells
During starvation-state, what is happening to TAGs shuttled to the liver? fatty acids are converted into ketone bodies that are shuttle to the brain
During starvation-state, what is happening to proteins in muscles? proteins are broken down into amino acids that are shuttled to the liver to be converted into glucose that will be shuttled into the brain
What are homeotherms? "warm-blooded" animals
What type of tissue is responsible for heat generation? brown adipose tissue
What are thermogenins? uncoupling proteins (UCPs) found within mitochondrial inner membrane
What is the role of thyroid hormone (TH) in thermoregulation? uncouples respiration from ATP generation using UCPs in brown and white adipose tissues
What is hypothyroidism? decrease body temperature
What is hyperthyroidism? increased body temperature
What two molecules can decrease when in calorie restriction? growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor
Why is a decrease in growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor beneficial for cells? the decrease blocks cell growth and proliferation
What are some benefits to fasting? production of ketone bodies from fatty acids and increased autophagy
What are adipokines? cell signaling proteins secreted by adipose tissues
What are some examples of adipokines? lectin, adiponectin, IL-4, IL-6
Created by: gracelisabethxo
 

 



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