Question 1

decibels

Accepted Answer

units of loudness of sounds

Question 2

congenitally deaf

Accepted Answer

those who are born deaf

Question 3

adventitiously deaf

Accepted Answer

those who acquire deafness at some time after birth

Question 4

Prelingual deafness

Accepted Answer

refers to deafness that occurs at birth or early

Question 5

Postlingual deafness

Accepted Answer

is deafness that occurs after development of speech and language.

Question 6

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Accepted Answer

he boundary between the outer and middle ears.

Question 7

auricle

Accepted Answer

part of the ear that protrudes from the side of the head. The part that the outer ear plays in the transmission of sound is relatively minor.

Question 8

ossicles

Accepted Answer

called the malleus (hammer)

Question 9

incus (anvil). and stapes (stirrup),

Accepted Answer

which are contained within an air-filled space-  conducts the vibrations of the eardrum along to the oval window.

Question 10

vestibular mechanism

Accepted Answer

located in the upper portion of the inner ear, is responsible for the sense of balance. It's extremely sensitive to such things as acceleration, head movement, and head position.

Question 11

cochlea

Accepted Answer

Far the most important organ for hearing. Lying below the vestibular mechanism.

Question 12

Pure-tone audiometry

Accepted Answer

designed to establish the individual's threshold for hearing at a variety of different frequencies.

Question 13

Frequency,

Accepted Answer

measured in hertz (Hz) units, has to do with the number of vibrations per unit of time of a sound wave; the pitch is higher with more vibra-tions, lower with fewer.

Question 14

the zero hearing-threshold level, or audiometric zero.

Accepted Answer

the decibel scale is based on ratios, each increment of 10 dB is a 10-fold increase in intensity.

Question 15

speech audiometry

Accepted Answer

to test a person's detection and understanding of speech.

Question 16

The speech-reception  threshold (SRT)

Accepted Answer

the decibel level at which one can understand speech.

Question 17

conductive hearing impairment

Accepted Answer

refers to an interference with the transfer of sound along the conductive pathway of the middle or outer ear.

Question 18

sensorineural hearing impairment

Accepted Answer

involves problems in the inner ear.

Question 19

mixed hearing impairment

Accepted Answer

combination of the two.

Question 20

external otitis

Accepted Answer

swimmer's ear

Question 21

otitis media

Accepted Answer

an inflammation of the middle-ear space. The most common problem of the middle ear

Question 22

connexin-26 gene

Accepted Answer

the most common cause of congenital deafness.

Question 23

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV),

Accepted Answer

a herpes virus, is the most frequent nongenetic cause of deafness in infants

Question 24

Lineuistic differentiation

Accepted Answer

the heart of Deaf culture; many within the Deaf community view themselves as bilingual, with individuals possessing varying degrees of fluency in ASL and English

Question 25

Attitudinal deafness

Accepted Answer

refers to whether a person thinks of himself as deaf. It might not 
have anything to do with a persons hearing acuity.

Question 26

Behavioral norms within the Deaf community

Accepted Answer

Differ from those in hearing society.

Question 27

Historical awareness

Accepted Answer

significant people and events pertaining to people who are deaf permeates the Deaf community. They are often deferential to elders and value their wisdom and knowledge pertaining to Deaf traditions.

Question 28

Voluntary organizational networks

Accepted Answer

abundant in the Deaf community.

Question 29

in vitro fertilization,

Accepted Answer

a procedure that is used to help infertile couples, whereby egg cells from the mother are fertilized in the laboratory and then placed in the mother's uterus

Question 30

oralism-manualism debate,

Accepted Answer

to represent two very different points of view: Oralism favors teaching people who are deaf to speak, whereas manualism advocates the use of some kind of manual communication.

Question 31

bicultural-bilingual approach

Accepted Answer

which promotes ASL as a first language and supports instruction in the Deaf culture

Question 32

auditory-verbal approach

Accepted Answer

focuses exclusively on using audition to improve speech and language development

Question 33

auditory-oral approach

Accepted Answer

it also stresses the use of visual cues, such as speechread-ins and cued speech. Sometimes inappropriately called linreading,

Question 34

speechreading

Accepted Answer

involves teaching children to use visual information to understand what is being said to them.

Question 35

Cued speech

Accepted Answer

a way of augmenting speechreading. In cued speech, the individual uses handshapes to represent specific sounds while speaking.

Question 36

homophenes

Accepted Answer

different sounds that are visually identical when spoken.

Question 37

Total communication

Accepted Answer

involves the simultaneous use of speech with one of the signing English systems.

Question 38

text telephones (TT),

Accepted Answer

referred to as TTYs (teletypes) or TDDs (telecommunication devices for the deaf). People can use a TT connected to a telephone to type a message to anyone else who has a TT.

Question 39

video relay service (VRS).

Accepted Answer

VRS enables people who are deaf to communicate with people who hear through a sign language

Question 40

Transliteration

Accepted Answer

which is similar to signed English, maintains the same word order as spoken English. ASL, by contrast, requires the interpreter to digest the meaning of what is said before conveying it through signs.

Term	Definition
deaf and hard of hearing
decibels	units of loudness of sounds
congenitally deaf	those who are born deaf
adventitiously deaf	those who acquire deafness at some time after birth
Prelingual deafness	refers to deafness that occurs at birth or early
Postlingual deafness	is deafness that occurs after development of speech and language.
tympanic membrane (eardrum)	he boundary between the outer and middle ears.
auricle	part of the ear that protrudes from the side of the head. The part that the outer ear plays in the transmission of sound is relatively minor.
ossicles	called the malleus (hammer)
incus (anvil). and stapes (stirrup),	which are contained within an air-filled space- conducts the vibrations of the eardrum along to the oval window.
vestibular mechanism	located in the upper portion of the inner ear, is responsible for the sense of balance. It's extremely sensitive to such things as acceleration, head movement, and head position.
cochlea	Far the most important organ for hearing. Lying below the vestibular mechanism.
Pure-tone audiometry	designed to establish the individual's threshold for hearing at a variety of different frequencies.
Frequency,	measured in hertz (Hz) units, has to do with the number of vibrations per unit of time of a sound wave; the pitch is higher with more vibra-tions, lower with fewer.
the zero hearing-threshold level, or audiometric zero.	the decibel scale is based on ratios, each increment of 10 dB is a 10-fold increase in intensity.
speech audiometry	to test a person's detection and understanding of speech.
The speech-reception threshold (SRT)	the decibel level at which one can understand speech.
conductive hearing impairment	refers to an interference with the transfer of sound along the conductive pathway of the middle or outer ear.
sensorineural hearing impairment	involves problems in the inner ear.
mixed hearing impairment	combination of the two.
external otitis	swimmer's ear
otitis media	an inflammation of the middle-ear space. The most common problem of the middle ear
connexin-26 gene	the most common cause of congenital deafness.
Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV),	a herpes virus, is the most frequent nongenetic cause of deafness in infants
Lineuistic differentiation	the heart of Deaf culture; many within the Deaf community view themselves as bilingual, with individuals possessing varying degrees of fluency in ASL and English
Attitudinal deafness	refers to whether a person thinks of himself as deaf. It might not have anything to do with a persons hearing acuity.
Behavioral norms within the Deaf community	Differ from those in hearing society.
Historical awareness	significant people and events pertaining to people who are deaf permeates the Deaf community. They are often deferential to elders and value their wisdom and knowledge pertaining to Deaf traditions.
Voluntary organizational networks	abundant in the Deaf community.
in vitro fertilization,	a procedure that is used to help infertile couples, whereby egg cells from the mother are fertilized in the laboratory and then placed in the mother's uterus
oralism-manualism debate,	to represent two very different points of view: Oralism favors teaching people who are deaf to speak, whereas manualism advocates the use of some kind of manual communication.
bicultural-bilingual approach	which promotes ASL as a first language and supports instruction in the Deaf culture
auditory-verbal approach	focuses exclusively on using audition to improve speech and language development
auditory-oral approach	it also stresses the use of visual cues, such as speechread-ins and cued speech. Sometimes inappropriately called linreading,
speechreading	involves teaching children to use visual information to understand what is being said to them.
Cued speech	a way of augmenting speechreading. In cued speech, the individual uses handshapes to represent specific sounds while speaking.
homophenes	different sounds that are visually identical when spoken.
Total communication	involves the simultaneous use of speech with one of the signing English systems.
text telephones (TT),	referred to as TTYs (teletypes) or TDDs (telecommunication devices for the deaf). People can use a TT connected to a telephone to type a message to anyone else who has a TT.
video relay service (VRS).	VRS enables people who are deaf to communicate with people who hear through a sign language
Transliteration	which is similar to signed English, maintains the same word order as spoken English. ASL, by contrast, requires the interpreter to digest the meaning of what is said before conveying it through signs.

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chapter 11