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AP Gov Review

Judicial

TermDefinition
Judiciary Interprets laws and ensures they follow the Constitution
Supreme Court Highest court; final authority on constitutional issues
Jurisdiction Authority of court to hear case
Original Jurisdiction Court hears case first
Appellate Jurisdiction Court reviews decisions from lower courts
Judicial Review Power of courts to declare laws unconstitutional by Marbury v. Madison. Though the Constitution can be amended
Writ of Certiorari Lower court to send up a case for review
Rule of Four 4 justices must agree to hear case
Majority Opinion Official decision of Court
Dissenting Opinion Disagrees with majority. Kinda like a minority opinion
Concurring Opinion Agrees with decision but for different reason
Judicial Restraint Defer to elected branches, more strict
Judicial Activism Interpret Constitution more broadly
Appointment President nominates a candidate, the Senate has to confirm
Life Tenure Serving for life
Stare Decisis Follow precedent
Precedent Previous court decisions used as guide
District Courts Lowest level of federal courts, where cases are first heard. Have original jurisdiction, juries, 94 courts
Circuit Courts Middle level courts that review district court decisions. Have appellate jurisdiction, 13 circuits with 12 regional and 1 federal, no juries
Congress Checks in Courts Congress can limit power through laws & structures
Judicial Appointments President appoint judges
Confirmation and Removal Senate approves judicial nominees, Congress can take them away
Court Structure Congress can add/remove lower courts or change jurisdiction
Amendment Process Constitution amended to overturn decisions
Created by: 230239
 

 



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