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Unit 4 pt 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Motivation | A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior |
| Instinct | A complex behavior that is is rigidly patterned throughout a spices and is unlearned |
| Physiological need | A basic bodily requirement |
| Drive-reduction theory | The idea that a physiological need created an aroused state (a drive) that motivates and organism to satisfy the need |
| Hemostasis | The tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state the regulation of any aspect of bodily chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level |
| Incentive | A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior |
| Yerkes-Dodson Law | The principle that performance increases wit arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases |
| Affiliation | The need to build and maintain relationships and to feel part of a group |
| Self determination theory | The tendency that we feel motivated to satisfy our needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness |
| Intrinsic motivation | The desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake |
| Extrinsic motivation | The desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment |
| Achievement Motivation | A desire for significant accomplishments, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control and for attaining a high standard |
| Grit | In psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long term goals |
| Glucose | The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low were hungry |
| Set Point | The point at which the "weighted thermostat" may be set. When the body falls below it's weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate mat combine to restore lost weight |
| Obesity | Defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher, which is calculated from our-weight-to-heigh ratio |
| Emotion | A response of the whole organism involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and, most important (3) conscious experience resulting from ones interpretations |
| James-Lange Theory | Proposes that bodily arousal proceeds emotion; first our heart races and than we feel fear |
| Canon-Bard Theory | Argues that bodily arousal and emotion occur simultaneously; my heart races and I feel fear at the SAME time |
| Schachter-singer two factor theory | States that arousal fuels emotion and cognition channels it |
| Spillover effect | Arousal form one activity spills over into our environmental response for another. Supports the two factor theory |
| Robert-Zajonc and Joseph LeDoux | Didn't believe that cognition had to come before all emotions, and proposed some take a low road directly to the autonomic nervous system and limbic ares of the brain, and other a high road through the cerebral cortex |
| Richard Lazarus | Agreed that cognition plays a role, but believed appraisal of the stimuli which evokes emotion is the strep and could sometimes be unconscious |
| Sympathetic nervous system | Mobilizes your body for action |
| Parasympathetic nervous system | Gradually calms your body |
| Polygraph | A machine used in attempts to detect lies; measures emotion-linked changes in perspiration, heart rate, and breathing |
| Insula | A neural center deep in the brain, is activated when we feel a variety of negative emotions |
| Amygdala | Fear shows more amygdala activity than anger, and disgust lights up the right prefrontal cortex |
| Ostracism | Deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups |
| Basal metabolic rate | The body’s resting rate of energy output |
| Facial feedback effect | The tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness |
| Behavior feedback effect | The tendency of behavior to influence our own and others thoughts, feelings, and actions |
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