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Unit 4 part 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Motivation | a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. |
| Instinct | a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned |
| Physiological need | a basic bodily requirement |
| Drive reduction theory | the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need |
| Homeostasis | A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level |
| Incentive | a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior |
| Yerkes-dodson law | the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases |
| Affiliation need | the need to build relationships and to feel part of a group |
| Self determination theory | the theory that we feel motivated to satisfy our needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. |
| Intrinsic motivation | a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake |
| Extrinsic motivation | a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment |
| Ostracism | deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups |
| Achievement motivation | a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard |
| Grit | in psychology, grit is passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals |
| Glucose | the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger. |
| Set point | the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight. |
| Basal metabolic rate | the body's resting rate of energy output |
| Obesity | defined as a body mass index (BMI) measurement of 30 or higher, which is calculated from our weight-to-height ratio. (Individuals who are overweight have a BMI of 25 or higher.) |
| Emotion | a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal,(2) expressive behaviors, and, most importantly, (3) conscious experience resulting from one's interpretations. |
| Polygraph | a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes). |
| Facial feedback effect | the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness |
| Behavior feedback effect | the tendency of behavior to influence our own and others' thoughts, feelings, and actions |
| Instincts and evolutionary theory | there is a genetic basis for unlearned, species-typical behavior (such as birds building nests or infants rooting for a nipple) |
| Arousal theory | our need to maintain an optimal level of arousal motivates behaviors that meet no physiological need (such as our yearning for stimulation and our hunger for information) |
| Maslow hierarchy of needs | we prioritize survival-based needs and then social needs more than the needs for esteem and meaning |
| Cannon bard theory | emotion-arousing stimuli trigger our bodily responses and simultaneous subjective experience |
| James Lange theory | emotions arise from our awareness of our specific bodily responses to emotion-arousing stimuli |
| Schachter-Singer Theory | a two factor theory: our experience of emotion depends on a) general arousal and b)a conscious cognitive label. |
| Zajonc; LeDoux | some embodied responses happen instantly, without conscious appraisal |
| Lazarus Theory | Cognitive appraisal sometimes without our awareness defines emotion |
Created by:
hoffemil