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Unit-4

DNA Structure

QuestionAnswer
Cancer a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division, leading to the formation of abnormal masses of cells (tumors), caused by a failure to regulate cell cycle mechanisms and checkpoints
Cell cycle the sequence of events that result in cell growth and ultimately the division into two daughter cells
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid, which is self
DNA replication the process by which a copy of DNA is made by separating the two strands and building a complementary strand on each of the original strands
Mitosis the process of nuclear division, that along with cytokinesis produces two genetically identical daughter cells
Adenine a nitrogenous base in DNA that pairs with thymine
Carcinogen a substance or agent that can cause cancer
Chromosome a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein that carries genetic information
Complementary strand the DNA strand formed during replication that is opposite in sequence to the template strand
Cytokinesis the division of the cytoplasm that follows mitosis, forming two daughter cells
Cytosine a nitrogenous base in DNA that pairs with guanine
Deoxyribose sugar the five
DNA helicase an enzyme that unwinds and separates the double helix during DNA replication
DNA polymerase an enzyme that adds complementary nucleotides to a growing DNA strand during replication
Double helix the twisted
Guanine a nitrogenous base in DNA that pairs with cytosine
Interphase the phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows, replicates DNA, and prepares for division
Lagging strand the DNA strand that is synthesized discontinuously in short fragments during replication
Leading strand the DNA strand that is synthesized continuously during replication
Nitrogen base a component of nucleotides that forms the “rungs” of the DNA ladder (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine)
Nucleotide the basic building block of DNA, consisting of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base
Nucleus the organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains genetic material
Organism any living individual capable of carrying out life processes
Phosphate group a component of nucleotides that links sugar molecules to form the backbone of DNA
Semiconservative the method of DNA replication in which each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one newly synthesized strand
Somatic cell any body cell that is not a gamete (sex cell)
Thymine a nitrogenous base in DNA that pairs with adenine
Created by: Poorani10
 

 



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