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Unit-5
Gene expression
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell differentiation | the process of a less specialized cell becoming a more specialized cell type |
| Cell specialization | the process of a specialized cell becoming its final restricted cell type that performs specific functions in the body by turning certain genes on or off |
| Gel electrophoresis | a technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge |
| Gene expression | the mechanism of turning on or off of a gene to regulate the amount of a protein produced |
| Genetic engineering | a process that uses laboratory-based technologies to alter the DNA makeup of an organism |
| Mutation | a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA |
| Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | a molecular technology that amplifies small fragments of DNA which can be analyzed |
| Stem cell | a cell with the potential to develop into many different types of cells in the body |
| Bacterial transformation | the process by which bacteria take up foreign DNA from their environment |
| Chromosome | a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein that carries genetic information |
| Cloning | the process of producing genetically identical copies of an organism or DNA sequence |
| CRISPR | a molecular tool used to edit genes precisely in living organisms |
| Deletion | a type of mutation where a segment of DNA is removed |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic instructions for living organisms |
| DNA fingerprinting | a technique used to identify individuals based on unique patterns in their DNA |
| Environmental factor | an external influence that can affect gene expression or mutation |
| Frameshift mutation | a mutation caused by insertion or deletion of nucleotides that shifts the reading frame of DNA |
| Gene | a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or trait |
| Genetically modified organism (GMO) | an organism whose DNA has been altered using genetic engineering techniques |
| Insertion | a type of mutation where extra nucleotides are added into DNA |
| Inversion | a mutation in which a segment of DNA is reversed within the chromosome |
| Missense mutation | a mutation that changes a single nucleotide, resulting in a different amino acid in a protein |
| Molecular technology | techniques and tools used to study and manipulate DNA, RNA, and proteins |
| Nonsense mutation | a mutation that changes a codon to a stop codon, terminating protein synthesis prematurely |
| Organism | any living individual capable of carrying out life processes |
| Point mutation | a mutation affecting a single nucleotide in DNA |
| Recombinant DNA | DNA molecules formed by combining DNA from different sources |
| Silent mutation | a mutation that changes a nucleotide but does not alter the resulting amino acid |
| Somatic | relating to body cells (not reproductive cells) |
| Substitution | a mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by another in DNA |
Created by:
Poorani10