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Unit-2
Cellular Process
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Active transport | the movement of molecules across the cell membrane using ATP energy |
| Cellular process | any reaction or activity that occurs within a cell to maintain its life functions |
| Cellular respiration | a chemical reaction in which organisms convert glucose (chemical energy) and oxygen into ATP (chemical energy) and release carbon dioxide and water |
| Enzyme | a protein that acts as a biological catalyst |
| Homeostasis | the regulation of an organism's internal environment to maintain conditions that are suitable for survival |
| Law of Conservation of Energy | energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but it can only be converted from one form of energy to another |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | matter cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another |
| Passive transport | the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy |
| Photosynthesis | a chemical reaction in which light energy is used to produce sugars (chemical energy) and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water |
| Activation energy | the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction |
| Active site | the specific region on an enzyme where the substrate binds |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate, the main energy carrier used by cells |
| Catalyst | a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up |
| Cellular transport | the movement of substances into and out of a cell |
| Concentration gradient | the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas |
| Endocytosis | the process by which a cell takes in materials by forming a vesicle |
| Amino acid | amino acids, the building blocks of proteins |
| Exocytosis | the process by which a cell releases materials outside the cell using vesicles |
| Facilitated diffusion | the movement of molecules across a cell membrane through protein channels without energy |
| Hypertonicity | a condition where the surrounding solution has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell, causing water to leave the cell |
| Hypotonicity | a condition where the surrounding solution has a lower concentration of solutes than the cell, causing water to enter the cell |
| Isotonicity | a condition where the solute concentration is equal inside and outside the cell, resulting in no net movement of water |
| Matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Membrane protein | a protein embedded in the cell membrane that helps transport substances or perform other functions |
| Molecule | a group of atoms bonded together |
| Osmosis | the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
| Permeable / Permeability | the ability of a substance or membrane to allow materials to pass through |
| Simple diffusion | the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration without energy |
| Sodium | potassium pump |
| Substrate | the reactant molecule that an enzyme acts upon |
Created by:
Poorani10