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gov ch 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| political participation | the different ways in which individuals take action to shape the laws and policies of a government |
| political action committee (PAC) | an organization that raises money to elect and defeat candidates and may donate money directly to a candidates campaign, subject to limits |
| linkage instituion | channels that connect individuals with government, including elections, political parties, interest groups and the media |
| social movement | the joining of individuals seeking social or political change with the goal of placing issues on the policy agenda |
| difference between PACs and super PACs | super can take unlimited donations but cannot contribute funds directly to candidates PACs can donate directly to candidates but have contribution limits super PACs allow the wealthy to have increased influence on elections |
| 4 primary linkage instituions | political parties- can express their views interest groups- lobby elected officials to influence policy decisions and educate through campaigns/ads. elections- can vote for who's in office media- informs citizens what's happening |
| what are forms of political participation | social media, calling/emailing, campaigning, donating $ some are more popular cause their easier, less costly/time consuming, more accessible, social movements |
| franchise/suffrage | the right to vote |
| poll tax | a payment required by a state or federal government before a citizen is allowed to vote |
| 24th amendment | prohibits Congress and the states from imposing poll taxes as a condition for voting in federal elections |
| 26th amendment | allows those 18 years and older to vote |
| voter turnout | the number of eligible voters who participate in an elections as a percentage of the total number of eligible voters |
| demographic characteristics | measurable characteristics of a pol;action such as economic status, education, age, race, ethnicity or gender |
| socioeconomic characteristics | measure of an individual's wealth, income, occupation and educational attainment. |
| political efficiency | a person's belief that he or she can make effective political change. |
| political mobilization | efforts by political parties to encourage their members to vote. |
| registration requirments | the set of rules that govern who can vote and how when and where they vote |
| absentee ballot | voting completed and submitted by a voter before the day of an election without going to the polls. |
| demographic factors impacting voter turnout along with how each does so | gender- women vote more married people vote more age- older votes more socioeconomic status- higher income/education, jobs vote more, more knowledge race- varies, tied to SES political efficiency- if think will influence the govt, will vote more |
| describe the legal and institutional factors that influence voter turnout and explain how each do so | lower turnout- registration requirements/ID laws/strict rules/not allowing felons to vote raises turnout- absentee voting/campaigns encouraging people to vote |
| rational choice voting | voting based on what a citizen believes is In their best interest |
| retrospective voting | voting based on an assessment of an incumbents past performance |
| prospective voting | casting a ballot for a candidate who promises to enact policies favored by the voter in the future |
| party-line voting | voting for candidates who belong only to one political party for all of the offices on the ballot |
| what are the ways a citizen can make a voting decision | party-line voting prospective voting retrospective voting rational choice voting |
| examples from constitution on how the founding father did not want the new nation to be too democratic | article 1- senators chosen by states, president selected by electoral college, sovereignty divided between nation and states article 1 section 4- states set rules for their own elections, varies by state article 3- federal judges appointed not elected |
| electoral college | a constitutionally required process for selecting the president through states of electors chosen in each state, who are pledged to vote for a nominee in the presidential election |
| winner takes all system | a system of electors in which the candidate who wins the plurality of votes within a state receives all of that states votes in the electoral college |
| battle ground state | a state where polls show a close contest between the Republican and democratic candidate in a presidential election |
| swing state | a state where the levels of support for the parties are similar and elections swing back and forth between Democrats and republicans |
| describe each step of a presidential campaign | candidates announce their running, campaign in caucuses/primaries to win delegates, scue their party's nomination at the convention, compete in the general election and then the winner is decided through the electoral college. |
| summarize clause 2 of article 2 | each state chooses a number of electors equal to its total members of Congress, people who already hold federal office cannot be electors |
| summarize clause 3 of article 2 | electors meet in their states and vote for president. the votes are sent to congress, counted and the candidate with a majority becomes president, if no one gets a majority, the house chooses the president. |
| summarize clause 4 of article 2 | congress decides when electors are chosen and when they vote, and the date must be the same across all states |
| citizens united v federal election commission facts of the case | a non profit wanted to air a film criticizing hillary, but a law banned corporations and unions from funding independent political ads near elections. |
| issue of citizens v FEC | Congress passed the FECA and amended it under the BCRA to limit campaign spending. citizens united made a film criticizing hillary/wanted to show it on TV before primary elections, violated the BCRA cause it was political advertising close to an election. |
| majority reasoning citizens united v FEC | BCRA ban on corporate/union spending for independent expenditures and electioneering communications was unconditional, violates free speech Corporations/labor unions have free speech , their rights can't be restricted anymore than that of an individual. |
| Explain how the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act tried to limit the influence of $. | banned corporate/union funding of electioneering ads close to elections, restricted soft money donations to parties. |
| dissenting opinion of citizens united v FEC | corporations aren't people, they shouldn't have same free speech rights, 1st amendment doesn't require corporations/people to be treated equal too much $ harms democracy corporate power= unfair advantages |
| impact of citizens united v FEC | creation of super PACs that can spend unlimited, increased outside influence in elections and raised concerns about the role of money in democracy. |
| Identify at least 2 ways $ is used to influence campaigns according to the text. | political ads, to fund campaign operations (staff, events, outreach) |
| Explain how the general election and the electoral college works. | voters choose a candidate, but they are actually voting for electors, the candidate who wins state usually gets all its electoral votes, and the candidate with a majority of electoral voted (270) win. |
| Explain the role of the primaries/caucuses in a presidential election year. | they allow voters to choose their party's nominee and determine how many delegates each candidate gets for the party convention. |
| 15th amendment | people of color right to vote |
| 17th amendment | direct election of senators by voters instead of chosen by state legislatures |
| 19th amendment | women right to vote |
| GOTV | get out the vote, efforts to mobilize voters |
| federal elections campaign act (FECA) | regulates campaign finance by setting limits on contribution to candidates, requiring disclosure of donations and spending, and creating the FEC to enforce these laws |
Created by:
Lilyhowes