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Micro Immu Quiz 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Filovirus | - Neg single strand virus - Category A agents - Bugs can hide in immune system - Ebola and Marburg causes hemorrhagic fever |
| Bunyaviruses | – Spherical (-) RNA single strand - Transmission through vector borne - Inhalation of rodent droplets - Hemorrhagic fevers - Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome |
| Rotavirus | – Nonenvoloped double stranded RNA - Resistant to acid - Fecal oral route - Mild to severe watery diarrhea - Dehydration - Serogroup A |
| Acid resistant | Fecal oral route |
| Acid liable | RESPIRATORY |
| Yeasts causes | More diseases than molds |
| Candida | – #1 cause of invasive fungal infection - Albicans - Causes thrush. Hospitals after surgery |
| Psuedohyphae are important for | Invasive Infections |
| Cryptococcus species | – meningitis - Dangerous for AIDS patients due to immunocompromised - Pigeon droplets - India inc stain to identify it |
| Malassezia | – seborrheic dermatitis - M. furfur |
| Pnuemocystis jiroveci | - Common in AIDS patients - Part of Malassezia |
| Molds grow as | Mycelium |
| Aspergillosis species | species – immune suppressed - Invasive with people with transplants |
| Mucor species | – RAPIDLY invasive mycosis - Targeted towards immunocompromised patients |
| Dermatophytes | – fungi that require keratin for growth and a type of mold - Keratin is found on skin and nails - All of the tineas |
| Dimorphic fungi | - exists in 2 forms - Pulmonary infections that can disseminate |
| Histoplasma capsulatum | - Bat guano and bird droppings - Part of dimorphic fungi |
| Coccidioides Immitis | – valley fever (pulmonary) - Part of dimorphic |
| Sporothrix schenckii | – Rose gardener’s disease (mostly the elderly are infected) - Part of Dimorphic |
| Group A strep | Alpha hemolytic (Say Ahh) |
| Beta Hemolytic | Associated with babies (babies love to drink milk) |
| Vancomycin | Targets MRSA |
| Monitoring safety | - Renal function - Toxicity - Allergies |
| Empiric therapy | – Using prior knowledge to treat someone |
| Stewardship | Not using the most broad spectrum |
| Gram Positive | - Purple - Thicker Peptidoglycan |
| Gram Negative | - Pink |
| Staphylococcus | - positive in coagulase. Negative everywhere else - Grape like structures |
| Streptococci | - Catalase negative |
| Mumps | - inflammation of the testes |
| No vaccines could lead to.. | Long term effect of the virus |
| Herd (Community) Immunity | sufficient amount of population is immune to infectious diseases. |
| R0 (R-naught) | average # of ppl that a person could infect |
| Live Attenuated | - weakened virus - For the immunocompromise - Less likely to cause disease |
| Inactivated Virus | - deactivated and dead af - Can no longer replicate |
| Subunit | - specific pieces of the pathogen. - Inoculated |
| Viral Vector | – Modified version - Use alternate DNA to express sort of virus |
| Toxoid | – inactivated TOXINS - Tdap – tetanus, pertussis, Bordetella |
| mRNA | – lipid nanoparticle |
| Adjuvants | – strengthen the immune response - Irritate skin to bring more immune cells to the sites - Leads to better antibody response |
| Preservatives are needed for ... | multiple pokes into the bile to prevent contamination |
| Thimerosal | - ethylmercury - Half life of 7 days |
| Formaldehyde | – much more amount of concentration - Highly diluted need to preserve these vaccines |
| COVID 19 Vaccine | – Moderna and Pfizer are mRNA - Novavax – (EUA) – protein subunit |
| Why We use chimp instead of human virus | - Memory immune response. Would be eliminated too quickly and would not generate response |
| Human Immunity | – antibodies generated by B-cells (plasma cells) - Generate neutralizing antibodies – prevent viruses from attaching to receptors |
| Cellular Immunity | cells generate immunity - Once virus get inside of cells, antibodies are useless - Cytotoxic T-cells - If the cell is killed, it cannot be replicated |
| Immune memory | – immediate response to broad patterns - Generate new membrane so u can respond faster and stronger (10-14 days). Yes it takes time |
| T helper cells | orchestrate a lot of the immune response |
| Vaccine induced immunity | safer and helps avoid severity |
| Strep pneumoniae | #1 cause of community acquired pneumonia. Looks like a cocci (circle). It is a gram positive |
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