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Chapter 11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Decibels | Units of relative loudness of sounds |
| Congenitally Deaf | Deafness that is present at birth; can be caused by genetic factors, by injuries during fetal development, or by injuries occuring at birth |
| Adventitiously Deaf | Deafness that occurs through illness or accident in an indivdual who was born with normal hearing |
| Prelingual Deafness | Deafness that occurs before that devlopment of spoken language, usually at birth |
| Postilingual Deafness | Deafness occuring afther the development of speech and langauge |
| Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum) | The anatomical boundary between the outer and middle ears; the sound gathered in the outer ear vibrates here |
| Auricle | The visiable parts of the ear, composed of cartilage; collects the sounds and funnels them via the external auditory canal to the eardrum |
| Ossicles | Three tiny bones that together make possible an efficient transfer of sound waves from the eardrum to the oval window, which connects the middle ear to the inner ear |
| Malleus | The hammer-shaped bone in the ossicular chain of the middle ear |
| Incus | The anvil-shaped bone in the ossicular chain of the middle ear |
| Stapes | The stirrup-shaped bone in the ossicular chain of the middle ear |
| Oval Window | The link between the middle and inner ear |
| Vestibular Mechanism | Located in the upper portion of the inner ear |
| Cochlea | A smail-shaped organ that lies below the vestibular mechanism in the iner ear; its parts convert that sounds coming from the middle ear into electrical signals that are transmitted to the brain |
| Otoacoustic Emissions | Low-intensity sounds produced by the cochlea in response to auditory stimulation |
| Audiologist's | An individual trained in audiology, the science dealing with hearing impairment, their detection, and remediation |
| Pure-tone Audiometry | A test whereby tones of various intensities and frequencies are presented to determind a person's hearing loss |
| Hertz (Hz) | A unit of measurement of the frequency of sound; refers to the highness or lowness of a sound |
| Audiometric Zero | The lowest level at which people with normal hearing can hear |
| Speech Audiometry | A techinque that tests a person'a detection and understanding of speech, rather than using pure tones to detect hearing loss |
| Speech-reception threshold (SRT) | The decibel level at whoch a person can understand speech |
| Conductive Hearing Impairment | A hearing impairment, usually mild, resulting from malfunctioning along the conductive pathway of the ear |
| Sensorineural Hearing Impiarment | A hearing impairment, usually severe, resulting from malfunctioning of the inner ear |
| Mixed Hearing Impairment | A hearing impairment resulting from a combination of conductive and serorineaural hearing impairment |
| External Otitis | An infection of the skin of the external auditory canal; also called swimmer's ear |
| Otits Media | An inflammation of the middle of the ear; common in young children, can result in hearing loss |
| Connexin-26 Gene | A gene, that mutation of which causes deafness; the leading cause of cogenital deafness in children |
| Congenital Cytomegalovirus | The most frequently occurring viral infection in newborns; can result in a variety of disabilities, especially hearing impairment |
| Sign Language | A manual language used by people who are deaf to communicate; a true language with its own grammar |
| Cochlear Implantation | A surgical procedure that allows people who are deaf to hear some environment sounds; an external coil fotted on the skin by the ear picks up sound from a microphone worn by the person and transmits it to an internal coil implanted in the cochlea (in ear) |
| In Vitro Fertilization | A method of promoting pregnancy; a procedure whereby a woman's egg or eggs are taken from her ovaries, and male sperm are placed with the eggs in the laboratory |
| Oralism-manualism Debate | The controversy over whether the goal of instruction for student who are deaf should be to teach them to speak or to teach them to use sign language |
| Total Communication | An approch for teaching students with hearing impairments that belnds oral and manal techniques |
| Simultaneous Communication | The use of both manual and oral communication by people who are deaf |
| Bicultural-billingual Appraoch | An appraoch for teaching students with hearing impairment that stresses teaching American Sign Langugae as a first language and English as a second language and promotes the teaching of Deaf culture |
| Auditory-verbal Approach | Part of the oral approach to teaching students who have hearing impairment; stresses teaching the person to use his or her remaining hearing as much as possible |
| Auditory-oral Appraoch | A method of teaching communication to people who are deaf that stresses the use of visual cues, such as speechreading and cued speech |
| Speechreading | A method that involvoes teaching children to use visual information from a number of sources to understand what is being said to them |
| Cused Speech | A method to aid speechreading in people with hearing impairment; the speaker uses hand shapes to represent sounds |
| Homophenes | Sounds that are different but that look the same with regard to movements of the face and lips |
| Signing English Systems | Used simultaneously with oral methods in the total communication approach to teaching approach to teaching students who are deaf |
| Fingerspelling | Spelling the English alphabet by various finger positions on one hand |
| Text Telephoones (TT) | A device connected to a telephone by a special adapter; allows communication over the telephone between people who have hearin impairments and those with hearing sometimes referred to as a TTY or TTD. |
| Video Relay Services (VRS) | A service, using a sign language interpreter, a video camera or computer, and a internet connection that llows persons who are deaf to communicate with those who are hearing |
| Transliteration | A method used by most sign language interpreters in which the signs maintian the same word order as that of spoken English American Sign Language is also used by some interpreters |
Created by:
Kynedi_davis