Change in heritable traits within a population over generations, largely driven by natural selection

Changes to a population’s allele frequency due to chance. Ex: bottleneck effect - reduction in population due to a disaster and founder effect - a few indiv colonize a new location. Gene pool of the new pop likely doesn’t represent the original pop.

The movement of genes between populations. This may happen through the migration of organisms or the movement of gametes (such as pollen blown to a new location). Gene flow typically reduces genetic differences between populations.

individuals with advantageous, heritable traits (e.g., better camouflage, faster speed) are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing these traits to the next generation.

Fitness represents an individual's success at leaving genes to future generations, often measured as the number of offspring an organism produces

Species are usually more closely related to nearby species than to those in distant, similar environments, providing strong evidence that species evolved from common ancestors while adapting to local conditions and shifting landscapes

the study of similarities and differences in the structures of different species; homologous body structures, vestigial organs

molecular biology (DNA)

DNA sequence comparisons show how different species are related

individuals choose mates based on certain traits, impacting genotype frequencies

Comparing early stages of development show similarities not seen in adult organisms

All copies of all alleles in a population.

diagram that shows shared ancestry and evolutionary relationships among species

preserved remains of a once living thing. Can be remains of an organism (ex - bone) or imprints left after decay. The fossil record is incomplete, but provides evidence for evolution.

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same place at the same time, therefore have the potential to interbreed. Evolutionary change occurs at the population level (not individuals).

Shows relationships based on shared characteristics but not necessarily the time or evolutionary distance.

homologous body structures

physical features in different organisms that share a similar bone structure , indicating descent from a common ancestor.

remnants of structures from ancestors that have generally lost their original function in the present day organism

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BIO

Evolution

Question	Answer
Evolution	Change in heritable traits within a population over generations, largely driven by natural selection
Genetic Drift	Changes to a population’s allele frequency due to chance. Ex: bottleneck effect - reduction in population due to a disaster and founder effect - a few indiv colonize a new location. Gene pool of the new pop likely doesn’t represent the original pop.
Gene Flow	The movement of genes between populations. This may happen through the migration of organisms or the movement of gametes (such as pollen blown to a new location). Gene flow typically reduces genetic differences between populations.
Natural Selection	individuals with advantageous, heritable traits (e.g., better camouflage, faster speed) are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing these traits to the next generation.
evolutionary fitness	Fitness represents an individual's success at leaving genes to future generations, often measured as the number of offspring an organism produces
Biogeography	Species are usually more closely related to nearby species than to those in distant, similar environments, providing strong evidence that species evolved from common ancestors while adapting to local conditions and shifting landscapes
comparative anatomy	the study of similarities and differences in the structures of different species; homologous body structures, vestigial organs
molecular biology (DNA)	DNA sequence comparisons show how different species are related
selective mating	individuals choose mates based on certain traits, impacting genotype frequencies
embryology	Comparing early stages of development show similarities not seen in adult organisms
alleles	Different versions of a gene.
gene pool	All copies of all alleles in a population.
phylogenetic tree	diagram that shows shared ancestry and evolutionary relationships among species
fossil record	preserved remains of a once living thing. Can be remains of an organism (ex - bone) or imprints left after decay. The fossil record is incomplete, but provides evidence for evolution.
population	A group of individuals of the same species living in the same place at the same time, therefore have the potential to interbreed. Evolutionary change occurs at the population level (not individuals).
cladogram	Shows relationships based on shared characteristics but not necessarily the time or evolutionary distance.
homologous body structures	physical features in different organisms that share a similar bone structure , indicating descent from a common ancestor.
vestigial structures	remnants of structures from ancestors that have generally lost their original function in the present day organism

Created by: JSheahan1

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