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Respiratory System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Asthma | chronic lung disease that causes inflammation, swelling, and narrowing of the airways, making breathing difficult |
| Punctured Lung | occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and the chest wall |
| Pulmonary Fibrosis | chronic, progressive lung disease characterized by the scarring and thickening of tissue around the alveoli |
| Pulmonary Edema | excess fluid accumulating in the alveoli, making breathing difficult and preventing proper oxygen exchange |
| Hyperventilate | breathe at an abnormally rapid rate, so increasing the rate of loss of carbon dioxide. |
| Diffusion | passive, energy-free movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration |
| Inspiration | drawing air into the lungs, acting as the first phase of breathing |
| Expiration | process of breathing out, where air is forced from the lungs |
| Respiratory Rate | number of breaths a person takes per minute |
| Pulse Oximetry | blood oxygen saturation |
| Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) | measurement of the maximum speed of air a person can exhale during a forced breath |
| Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) | maximum speed of air a person can exhale in a single, fast, forceful breath |
| Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) | volume of air a person can exhale forcefully from their lungs within a specific time |
| Bronchodilator | medication that relaxes the smooth muscles surrounding the airways in the lungs, causing them to widen and open |
| Upper Respiratory Tract | responsible for filtering, warming, and moistening air |
| Larynx | voice box |
| Pharynx | the throat |
| Nasal cavity | large, air-filled, mucosa-lined space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face |
| Lower Respiratory Tract | facilitates gas exchange, and filters incoming air |
| Bronchi | main, cartilage-supported airways that branch off from the trachea and carry air directly into the lungs |
| Bronchioles | smallest, terminal airways of the lungs that branch from the bronchi |
| Alveoli | tiny, grape-like air sacs at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs |
| Trachea | cartilaginous tube that connects larynx to bronchi acting as main airway for entering lungs |
| Lungs | primary organs of the respiratory system |
| Right Superior Lobe (Right Upper) | topmost of the three anatomical divisions (lobes) of the right lung |
| Right Medial Lobe (Right Middle) | the smallest of the three lobes in the right lung, located between the right upper and lower lobes |
| Right Inferior Lobe (Right Lower) | largest of the three distinct anatomical divisions of the right lung |
| Left Superior Lobe (Left Upper) | one of two primary lobes in the left lung |
| Left Inferior Lobe (Left Lower) | located below and behind the oblique fissure |
| Horizontal Fissure | in the right lung that separates the superior lobe from the middle lobe |
| Oblique Fissure | separates the superior (upper) and middle lobes from the inferior (lower) lobes |
| Diaphragm | |
| Cartilaginous rings | |
| Epiglottis | leaf-shaped flap of elastic cartilage located at the root of the tongue |
| Respiratory zone | functional, distal portion of the lungs where gas exchange occurs, defined by the presence of alveoli |
| Conducting zone | upper part of the respiratory system that filters, warms, and humidifies air, transporting it into and out of the lungs |
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