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hc ch 11b
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aerobic | requires oxygen to live |
| AIDS | a disease that occurs when an HIV positive person develops signs and symptoms of a weakened immune system |
| anaerobic | does not require oxygen to live |
| antibiotic | classification of medications capable of inhibiting the growth of, or destroying, microorganisms |
| antiseptics | chemical agents that prevent or inhibit growth of microorganisms |
| asepsis | methods used to make the patient, the professional, and the environment as pathogen free as possible |
| bacteria | one-celled microorganisms that can be either pathogenic or nonpathogenic |
| bactericidal | a method or chemical that kills bacteria; also called germicidal |
| bacteriostatic | a method or chemical that inhibits the growth of bacteria |
| center for disease control and prevention | a government agency that formulates safety guidelines to help prevent and control the spread of infectious disease |
| chain of infection | defines the six criteria that must be present for an infection to develop |
| communicable disease | a disease that can be transmitted either directly or indirectly from one individual to another |
| contaminated | infectious material is present |
| disinfectants | agents or methods that destroy most bacteria and viruses |
| epidemics | widespread occurrences of infectious disease |
| fungi | microorganisms that represent a large group of organisms that are neither plant nor animal |
| germ theory | the theory that states that specific microorganisms called bacteria are the cause of specific disease in both humans and animals |
| hepatitis B | a virus that can cause a blood-borne infecition |
| HIV | abbreviation for human immunodeficiency virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
| HIV positive | the condition of being infected but the human immunodeficiency virus |
| hosts | living plants or animals from which microorganisms derive nourishment |
| immune response | defense used by the body to fight infection and disease by producing antibodies |
| infection control | procedures to be followed to prevent the spread of infectious disease |
| infectious disease | disease caused by the growth of pathogens |
| medical asepsis | procedures to decrease the numbers and spread of pathogens in the enviroment |
| microbes | microorganisms that are pathogenic |
| microorganisms | small, usually one-celled living plants or animals |
| neutropenic precautions | isolation procedures to protect and immunocompromised patient from infections |
| normal flora | microorganisms that commonly reside in a particular environment on or in the body |
| nosocomial infection | infection that occurs while the patient is receiving health care |
| occupational safety and health administration | a government agency that establishes minimum health and safety standards for the workplace and has the authority to enforce those standards |
| opportunistic infection | infection that occurs due to the weakened physiological state of the body |
| pandemics | rapidly spreading diseases that attack many people at the same time |
| parasites | organism that nourishes itself a the expense of other living things and causes them damage |
| pathogens | disease-causing microorganisms |
| protozoa | microorganisms that are classified as animals |
| rickettsia | a microorganism that is smaller than bacteria and has rod or spherical shapes |
| spore | a thick capsule that a bacterium creates for self-protection |
| standard precautions | practices designed to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms from both recognized and unrecognized sources of infection in health care settings |
| sterile fields | areas designated to be free microorganisms |
| sterilization | agents or methods that totally destroy all microorganisms, including viruses and spores |
| surgical asepsis | procedures to completely eliminate the presence of pathogens from objects and areas |
| transmission based precautions | includes three types of isolation procedures requires for preventing the spread of specific infections |
| tuberculosis | a disease caused by the contagious airborne pathogens |
| virus | smallest of microbes |
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