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2.2 vocab

QuestionAnswer
DNA Molecule carrying genetic instructions.
Genome Total DNA content within a cell.
Gene Segment of DNA that codes for a protein.
Alleles Variant forms of a gene.
Autosomes Non-sex chromosomes (22 pairs in humans).
Sex Chromosomes Chromosomes determining sex (X and Y).
Homologous Chromosomes Pairs of chromosomes (one from each parent).
Genotype The genetic constitution, e.g., homozygous or heterozygous.
Homozygous Having two identical alleles for a trait.
Heterozygous Having two different alleles for a trait.
Dominant Allele Allele that expresses its phenotype even if heterozygous.
Recessive Allele Allele that expresses its phenotype only in homozygosity.
Phenotype Physical expression of the genotype.
Pedigree Chart showing genetic relationships and traits across generations.
Eukaryotic Organisms with cells containing a defined nucleus.
Chromosome Structure made of DNA and protein.
Chromatid One half of a duplicated chromosome.
Centromere Region connecting sister chromatids.
Karyotype Visual display of an individual's chromosomes.
Mitosis Cell division resulting in identical daughter cells.
Nondisjunction Failure of chromosomes to separate properly in meiosis.
Nucleotides Building blocks of DNA and RNA
Ribonucleic acid Molecule involved in protein synthesis.
Messenger RNA RNA that carries information from DNA to the ribosome
Protein Synthesis Process of creating proteins from genetic code.
Protein Functional molecule created from amino acids.
Created by: user-2003006
 

 



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