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Test 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In the fed state ___ prevails | Insulin |
| In which stage of cellular respiration is CO2 produced | Krebs Cycle |
| When filtrate arrives in the distal convoluted tubule after passing through the nephron loop it is ___ compare to what it was in the glomerular capsule. | Hyposmotic |
| The ___ is permeable only to water. | Descending nephron loop |
| Select the strong base: | NaOH |
| Which is a monomer | glucose |
| In which stage of cellular respiration occurs when solutes diffuse through leaky tight junctions between tubule cells | Paracellular route |
| Which of the following could serve as a good buffer: | h2co3 |
| Formation of glycogen is called | glycogenesis |
| Gaining of a hydrogen atom is also called | reduction |
| Movement of solutes back into the kidney tubule is called | tubular secretion |
| ace inhibitors block the secretion of renin | false |
| hc03 is | bicarbonate |
| In which step of cellular respiration is 02 consumed | Electron transport chain |
| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) will ___ urine volume | decrease |
| ___ reabsorption occurs when solutes diffuse through leaky tight junctions between tubule cells | Paracellular route |
| NaOH+ H2CO3 - NaHCO3+ | H20 |
| Which part of cellular respiration does NOT occur in the mitochondria | Glycolysis |
| Which is the most efficient energy storage form (kCal/gram) | Fat |
| ___ nephrons have shorter nephron loops | cortical |
| Which of these steps occurs last | Tubular Secretion |
| A good buffer is a | weak acid |
| Carb loading is a practice that increases glycogen stores by modifying diet and physical activity | true |
| reduction is (select all that apply) | losing an oxygen, gaining a hydrogen |
| Which of the following is the site of aldosterone action | distal convoluted tubule |
| Which of the following is NOT an effect of angiotentsin activation | renin secretion |
| Ph is a measure of hydrogen (H) atom concentration | False |
| Which occurs in a fasted state | glycogen --> glucose |
| Nitrogen removed from amino acid is execreted in the form of | urea |
| which is not part of the filtration membrane | Juxtaglomerular mesangial cells |
| What has the highest ratio of protein | HDL |
| In the fasted state ___ prevails | glucagon |
| The indicated vessel is | afferent arteriole |
| the enzyme that utilizes the H+ gradient within the mitochondria to generate ATP is | ATP synthase |
| The medullary osmotic gradient of the kidney is generated by | countercurrent multiplier |
| Tubular reabsorption of most solutes (glucose, amino acids, ions) occurs via | Na+ coupled secondary active transport |
| In which step of cellular respiration is O2 consumed | Electron transport chain |
| Which of these steps occurs first | glomerular filtration |
| Movement of a solute from the proximal convoluted tubule into the peritubular capillaries is called | tubular reabsorption |
| select the strong acid | HCl |
| Fats (triglycerides) can be oxidized (burned) for fuel by a process that includes the Krebs Cycle as a step | true |
| Select the two extrinsic mechanisms of regulating glomerular filtration rate | sympathetic nervous stimulation; renin angiotensin aldosterone pathway |
| ___ nephrons have longer nephron loops | juxtamedullary |
| Beta oxidation refers to the breakdown of | fatty acids |
| which is a polymer | glycogen |
| which of these steps occurs last | tubular secretion |
| which of the following is the site of aldosterone action | distal convoluted tubule |
| normal pH range for blood is | 7.35-7.45 |
| In order to use amino acids as fuel for cellular respiration __ must be removed | N |
| Which has the highest amount of fat (relative to protein) | chylomicron |
| Tubular reabsorption of most solutes occurs via | Na+ coupled secondary active transport |
| ADH will ____ urine volume | decrease |
| Which of these buffering systems is the slowest | metabolic |
| Oxidation is | losing a hydrogen, gaining an oxygen |
| Which of the following is NOT an effect of angiotensin activation | renin secretion |
| Movement of a solute from the proximal convoluted tubule into peritubular capillaries is called | tubular reabsorption |
| Which occurs in the fed state | amino acids--> protein |
| Reduction is | Gaining a hydrogen losing an oxygen |
| ___ nephrons have shorter nephron loops | cortical |
| ADH will ____ urine concentration | increase |
| HCl + NaHCO3 -> H2CO3 + | NaCl |
| Which is a monomer | glucose |
| Unlike most other tissues; ___ breaks down glycogen to secrete glucose into the bloodstream | liver |
| The vasa recta is also known as the | countercurrent multiplier |
| Which of the following is a weak acid | NaH2PO4 |
| Which is a polymer | glycogen |
| Breakdown of a triglyceride into glycerol and fatty acids is called | lypolysis |
| Select the two intrinsic mechanisms of regulating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) | tubuloglomerular feedback, myogenic stretch reflex |
| When filtrate arrives in the distal convoluted tubule after passing through the nephron loop, it is ___ compared to what it was in the glomerular capsule | hyposmotic |
| Strong base | NaOH |
| Which is the most efficient energy storage | fat |
| Which occurs in fed state | amino acids --> proteins |
| HcO3- is | bicarbonate |
| Most ATP is produced by | oxidative phosphorylation (indirectly, via NADH/FADH2) |
| Removal of the filtrate from the kidney tubule is | Tubular Reabsorption |
| Breakdown of fatty acid tails to form acetyl-CoA is called: | beta oxidation |
| The Krebs Cycle occurs only in | the mitochondria |
| "Carb loading" is a practice that increases glycogen stores by modifying diet and physical activity. | True |
| The medullary osmotic gradient of the kidney is generated by: | Countercurrent multiplier |
| The medullary osmotic gradient of the kidney is maintained (not generated) by: | Countercurrent exchanger |
| _______ is "good cholesterol". | HDL |
| Which of these steps occurs last: | Oxidative phosphorylation by ATP synthase |
| _____________ reabsorption occurs when solutes diffuse through "leaky" tight junctions between tubule cells. | Paracellular Route |
| Which has the highest amount of protein (relative to fat) | HDL |
| Nitrogen removed from amino acids is excreted in the form of: | urea |
| FAD is _____ to generate FADH2. | reduced |
| Breakdown of a triglyceride into glycerol and fatty acids is called: | lypolysis |
| Which of these steps occurs first: | glomerular filtration |
| _______ of the juxtaglomerular complex monitor NaCl levels. | Macula densa cells |
| ________ of the juxtaglomerular complex secrete renin. | granular cells |
| The juxtamedullary nephron loop is also known as the: | countercurrent multiplier |
| ADH causes insertion of _______ into the collecting duct cell membrane. | aquaporins |
| A _____ acid dissociates only partially in water. | weak |
| Which of the following is a weak acid: | NaH2PO4 |
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