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Chapter 14
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| congenital anomalies | defects with which they are born or may acquire disabilities through accident or disease after birth |
| acute | a serious state of illness or i from which someone often recovers with treatment |
| chronic | a long-lasting condition; not temporary |
| episodic | occurring in episodes, a temporary condition that will pass but may reoccur |
| progressive | a disease or condition that worsens over time and from which one seldom or never recovers with treatment |
| traumatic brain injury | injury to the brain resulting in total or partial disability or psychosocial maladjustment that affects educational performance |
| cerebral palsy | a condition characterized by paralysis, weakness, lack of coordination and or other motor dysfunction; caused by brain damage before it has matured |
| quadriplegia | all four limbs are involved |
| paraplegia | only legs are involved |
| hemiplegia | one side of the body is involved |
| spasticity | refers to the stiffness or tenseness of muscles and inaccurate voluntary movement |
| choreoathetoid | is the term applied to abrupt, involuntary movements and difficulty maintaining balance |
| atonic | refers to the floppiness or lack of muscle tone |
| seizure | when an abnormal discharge of electrical energy occurs in certain brain cells |
| epilepsy | has a chronic neurological condition and has recurrent seizures |
| executive function | the ability to regulate ones behavior through working memory, inner speech, control of emotions and arousal levels and analysis of problems and communication of problem solutions to others |
| adaptive behavior | the social and practical intelligence used in peoples everyday lives, along with IQ is considered in making a determination of intellectual disability |
| spina bifida | congenital midline defect that results from failure on the bony spinal column to close completely during fetal development |
| neural tube defect | a malformation of the spine, spinal cord, or brain |
| catheterization | insertion of a tube into an organ of the body to inject fluid or to withdraw a fluid such as urine from the bladder |
| muscular dystrophy | umbrella term that includes a group of genetic disorders that damage and weaken muscles over time |
| juvenile rheumatoid arthritis | is an autoimmune disorder occurring before 16 years of age in which muscles and joints are affected: cause and cure are unknown |
| asthma | common lung disease characterized by episodic inflammation or obstruction of the air passages such that the person has difficulty in breathing |
| cystic fibrosis | is the most common autosomal recessive disease thar leads to death |
| acquired immune deficiency syndrome | often acquire neurological problems, including intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, seizures and emotional or behavior disorders |
| fetal alcohol spectrum disorders | result in disabilities acquired by children of mothers who abuse alcohol during pregnancy |
| phenylketonuria | is now understood to be an inborn metabolic disorder that untreated with a special diet causes intellectual disability |
| neurotoxins | a substance known to damage nerve cells |
| prosthesis | is an artificial replacement for a missing body part |
| orthosis | is a device that enhances the partial functioning of a part of a person's body |
| adaptive devices | special tools that are adaptations of common items to make accomplishing self-care, work, or recreation activities easier for people physical disabilities |
| individualizes family service plan | a plan mandated to provide services for young children with disabilities and their families, drawn up by professionals and parents |
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