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respiratory system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Asthma | A disease where airways become inflamed and narrowed, making breathing difficult |
| Punctured Lung | A collapsed lung caused by air leaking into the chest cavity |
| Pulmonary Fibrosis | Scarring of lung tissue that makes breathing harder |
| Pulmonary Edema | Fluid buildup in the lungs that blocks gas exchange |
| Hyperventilate | Breathing too fast or deeply, lowering CO₂ in the blood |
| Diffusion | Movement of gases from high concentration to low concentration |
| Inspiration | Breathing air into the lungs |
| Expiration | Breathing air out of the lungs |
| Respiratory Rate | Number of breaths taken per minute |
| Pulse Oximetry | A test that measures oxygen levels in the blood |
| Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) | The fastest speed air can be exhaled |
| Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) | The rate of airflow during a forceful exhale (same as PEF) |
| Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) | Amount of air exhaled in the first second of a forced breath |
| Bronchodilator | A drug that relaxes and opens airways |
| Upper Respiratory Tract | Air passages that filter, warm, and moisten air |
| Larynx | Voice box; produces sound and keeps airway open |
| Pharynx | Throat; passageway for air from nose to larynx |
| Nasal cavity | Space that filters, warms, and moistens incoming air |
| Lower Respiratory Tract | Air passages that carry air into lungs and allow gas exchange |
| Bronchi | Main tubes that branch from the trachea into the lungs |
| Bronchioles | Smaller branches of the bronchi inside the lungs |
| Alveoli | Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs |
| Trachea | Windpipe; carries air to the bronchi |
| Lungs | Organs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged |
| Right Superior Lobe (Right Upper) | Top section of the right lung |
| Right Medial Lobe (Right Middle) | Middle section of the right lung |
| Right Inferior Lobe (Right Lower) | Bottom section of the right lung |
| Left Superior Lobe (Left Upper) | Top section of the left lung |
| Left Inferior Lobe (Left Lower) | Bottom section of the left lung |
| Horizontal Fissure | Separates upper and middle lobes of the right lung |
| Oblique Fissure | Separates lobes in both lungs |
| Diaphragm | Main breathing muscle that helps pull air into the lungs |
| Cartilaginous rings | Rings that keep the trachea open |
| Epiglottis | Flap that prevents food from entering the airway |
| Respiratory zone | Area where gas exchange happens (alveoli) |
| Conducting zone | Airways that move air but do not exchange gases |
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