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Electrical Signals

Chapter 11` - A & P Lecture

QuestionAnswer
what types of electrical signals do cells produce? cells produce electrical signals called action potentials
why are electrical signals important in the nervous system? allow perception of environment, complex mental activites, and responses to stimuli by transferring info throughout body
what is membrane potential? result of differences in ion concentrations across the plasma membrane & membrane's permeability
what determines ion concentrations across the plasma membrane? sodium-potassium pump & membrane permeability
where are sodium ions most concentrated? outside cell
where are potassium ions and proteins most concentrated? inside cell
why can proteins not cross the plasma membrane easily? large, neg. charged, don't dissolve in the phospholipid membrane
what are gated ion channels? channels that open/close in response to stimulus, chaning membrane permeability
what is the function of the sodium-potassium pump? maintains uneven ion distribution across membrane using ATP
how does the sodium-potassium pump work? pumps 3 Na+ out of cell and 2 K+ into cell for each ATP used
what are leak ion channels? nongated channels that are always open & determine permeability at rest
how many ions are leak ion channels specific for? 1
leak ion channels are usually for __, __, & __ which means at rest more __ & __ than Na+ K+. Cl-, Na+......K+ & Cl-
what are gated ion channels? open/close to a stimulus
what are ligand gated channels? open/close in response to a ligand (ex: neurotransmitter/hormone bind to receptor protein)
what is a voltage gate channel? open/close in respnse to a change in voltage across membrane
at rest the membrane is ___ on the ___ compared to the ____ neg., inside, outside
Most common voltage gated channels are? Na+ & K+
In cardiac and smooth muscle what ion is the most important? Ca2+
Other gated ion channels are? touch receptors & temp. receptors
touch receptors respond toe mechanical stimulation of skin
temp. receptors respond to temp. changess in skin
 

 



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