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SCIENCE TEST
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Charge | a basic property of matter that creates a force and accounts for electric interactions |
| Protons | positive charge, contained in the nucleus |
| Neutrons | no charge, contained in the nucleus |
| Electrons | negative charge, outside the nucleus |
| All matter is composed of atoms. Each atom contains three subatomic particles: | Protons Neutrons Electrons |
| Electric Force | the force between charged objects or particles |
| Electric fields | a region around the charged particle or object where the electric force is exerted on other charged particles or objects- this is why there can be an electric force even when two things are not touching! |
| *Electric field lines always ... | point from the positive charge to the negative charge! |
| Static electricity | the buildup of charge on an object |
| Static discharge | when objects lose their charge to the air resulting in a spark or shock when the electrons transfer |
| Electric Current | the continuous flow of charge |
| Electrical Circuit | A complete, unbroken path that current flows through. 3 parts Energy source / Load / Wires |
| Closed switches | allow charges to flow through the circuit |
| Open switches | break the circuits so the charges cannot flow through the circuit |
| Voltage | the difference in electric potential energy per charge |
| Insulators | do not allow charge to flow, have a HIGH resistance to electric current (rubber, wood, glass) |
| Conductors | allow charge to flow freely, have a LOW resistance to electric current (silver, copper, gold) |
| Resistance | how difficult it is for current to flow through an object |
| Resistance depends on ... | diameter, length, temperature, and the material |
| Smaller diameter, more length, warmer temperature, insulators = | more resistance |
| The more devices there are in a circuit, ... | the more resistance there is |
| Series Circuit | all parts of the circuit are connected one after another along one path |
| Parallel Circuit | different parts of a circuit are on separate branches |
| Magnet | attracts iron and materials that contain iron |
| Magnetism | the attraction or repulsion of other magnets |
| Magnetic Force | a push or pull that occurs when a magnet interacts with another object |
| Magnetic Poles | the ends of the magnet where the magnetic force is strongest |
| Magnetic Fields | the area of magnetic force that surrounds a magnet |
| What is voltage best described as? | The difference in electric potential energy per charge |
| In a parallel circuit. What will happen to bulb 2 if bulb 1 stops working? | it will stay on because it has it's own path back to the energy source (battery) |
| What is all matter made of? | Atoms |
| Why can an object only become charged when it gains or loses electrons? | Electrons are the only ones that can move since they are located outside of the nucleus, |
| A neutral atom has 3 protons, 3 electrons, and 3 neutrons. How can you make this atom have a positive charge? | Take away an electron. |
| What is an example of electric discharge? | Lightning/a shock. |
| What happens to potential energy as a positively charged object and a negatively charged object move AWAY from each other? | Potential energy increases. |
| What is electric current? | The flow of electric charge. |
| If something OPPOSES the flow of electric current, does it have high or low resistance? | High resistance. |
| Name three ways to increase resistance? | Add more devices, decrease diameter of the wire, increase length of the wire, increase temperature, add an insulator |
| What materials have a high resistance to electric current? | Insulators |
| What materials have a low resistance to electric current? | Conductors |
| What happens to the current if an insulator is added to the circuit? | It decreases. |
| What are the three parts that every circuit must have? | An energy source, wires, and a device (load). |
| Series | -all the parts of the circuit are connected one after another in a single path. If one goes out, they all go out Ex: traffic lights on some main roads |
| Parallel | -different parts of a circuit are on their own branch -if one goes out, the rest stay on Ex: lights in a house |
| What are examples of conductors? | Metals |
| What are examples of Insulators? | Glass, rubber, wood. |
| What is magnetic force? | A push or pull that occurs when a magnet interacts with another object |
| What happens to the strength of a magnetic force as the distance between a north pole and a south pole increases? | The magnetic force decreases. |
| Geographical North is Magnetic ... | South |
| Geographical South is Magnetic ... | North |
| Where would the strongest part of a bar magnet be? | The poles |
| What material are magnets attracted to? | Iron. |
| Explain why a compass always points north. | It points towards Earth’s south magnetic pole. |
| What is the relationship between electricity and magnetism? | Electric currents can produce a magnetic field. |
| What are ways to increase the strength of an electromagnet? | Increase the number of wire coils, increase the current, and increase the magnetic force of the core. |
| How do we know that two objects can exert forces on each other even if they are not in direct contact? | Their fields interact. Example: When you get shocked or the balloon attracts a can without them touching. |
| What is an independent variable? Which axis does it go on when graphed? | The independent variable is the manipulated variable. X-axis. (Think DRY MIX) |
| What is a dependent variable? Which axis does it go on when graphed? | The dependent variable is the responding variable. Y-axis. (Think DRY MIX) |
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30patels