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HW: Ch 10B (311-321)
Due: Thu Mar 26, 2026 10:00am
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hematopoiesis | production of red blood cells |
| short-bones | somewhat cube-shaped and are nearly equal in length and width. EX: wrist (carpals) ankles (tarsals) |
| irregular bones | the bones that cannot be classified as short or long because of their complex shapes. EX: vertebrae and middle ear |
| flat bones | they provide broad surfaces for muscular attachment or protection for internal organs. EX: skull, shoulder blades and sternum |
| long bones | found in the extremities of body such as legs, arms and fingers |
| diaphysis | shaft or long main portion of a bone |
| compact bone | forms a cylinder and surrounds a central canal |
| medullary cavity | filled with yellow bone marrow, so named because it is composed mainly of blood vessels and fatty tissue |
| distal and proximal epiphysis | are two ends of the bones. both have a somewhat bulbous shape to provide space for muscle and ligament attachments near the joints. |
| articular cartilage | a thin outer layer of cartilage where bones meet to form joints |
| epiphyseal line (growth plate) | an area of cartilage constantly being replaced by new bone tissue as the bone grows and that is responsible for lengthening bones during childhood and adolescence and calcifies and disappears when it has achieved its full growth |
| compact bone | thick, dense layer of hard |
| spongy bone | inner layer of porous tissue |
| cancellous bone | less dense than compact bone and is filled with red bone marrow |
| periosteum | dense, white, fibrous membrane, covers the remaining surface of the bone. |
| osteoblasts | inner-layer contains the bone-forming cells |
| non-articulating surfaces | trochanter: very large, irregularly shaped process found only on the femur |
| tubercle | small, rounded process |
| tuberosity | large, rounded process |
| condyle | rounded, articulating knob |
| head | prominent, rounded, articulating end of bone |
| foramen | rounded opening through a bone accommodate blood vessels and nerves |
| fissure | narrow, slitlike opening |
| meatus | opening or passage into a bone |
| sinus | cavity or hollow space in a bone |
| axial skeleton | skull, rib cage, vertebral column |
| cranium | skull |
| fontanels | soft spots |
| frontal bone | forms the anterior portion of the skull |
| parietal bone | each side of the skull just behind the frontal bone |
| coronal suture | each parietal bone meets the frontal bone |
| occipital bone | forms the back and base of the skull |
| temporal bone | one on each side of the skull, form part of the lower cranium |
| mastoid process | provides a point of attachment for several neck muscles |
| mandible | lower jaw |
| chewing | mastication |
| maxilla | paired upper jaw bones (where the mustache grows) |
| hard palate | roof of the mouth |
| cleft palate | where the maxillary bones do not fuse properly together before birth, called a congenital defect |
| nasal bones | rectangular bones laying side by side and are fused medially, forming the shape and bridge of the nose |
| lacrimal bones | corner of each eye |
| zygomatic bones | cheekbones |
| vomer | single thin bone that forms the lower part of the nasal septum |
| para nasal sinuses | cavities located within the cranial and facial bones |
| thoracic cage | ribcage |
| true ribs | 7 first pairs of ribs, attached directly to the sternum |
| sternum | chest bone in the middle |
| false ribs | 5 next pairs of ribs, not directly fastened to the sternum bc of cartilage |
| vertebrae | 26 bones, supports the body and provides a protective bony canal for spinal cord |
| cervical vertebrae | forms skeletal framework within the neck |
| atlas | holds the skull |
| axis | makes possible for rotation |
| thoracic vertebrae | supports the chest and serves as a point of articulation for ribs |
| lumbar vertebrae | situated in the lower back area and carry most of the weight of torso |
| coccyx | tail of vertebral column, consists of 4-5 fragmented fused vertebrae |
| intervertebral disks | composed of a fibrocartilaginous substance with a gelatinous mass |
| nucleus pulposus | gelatinous mass in center |
| pectoral girdle | consisting of two bones, anterior clavicle, and posterior scapula |
| humerus | upper arm bone |
| radius | bone that can help thumb form a thumbs up |
| ulna | the other bone next to radius |
| carpals | wrist |
| metacarpals | palm |
| phalanges | fingers |
| suture | skull bones |
| Gomphosis | tooth in socket |
| Syndesmosis | (bones connected by ligaments, like tibia/fibula) |
| Synchondrosis | (growth plates, hyaline cartilage) |
| Symphysis | (pubic symphysis, fibrocartilage) |
| Hinge | elbow |
| (shoulder/hip) | Ball-and-socket |
| pivot | neck |
| Synarthrosis | No movement; Fibrous |
| Amphiarthrosis | Slight movement; Cartilaginous |
| Diarthrosis | Free movement; Synovial |
| Functional classification | how much it moves |
| Structural classification | how much it's built |
| Specific joint types | actual named joints |
| Fibrous Joints | These joints are held together by dense connective tissue. |
| Cartilaginous Joints | These joints are connected by cartilage. |
| Synovial Joints | These joints have a fluid-filled cavity and allow the most movement. |
| Structural Classification tells you | how the joint is built |
| Specific Joint Types give you | he actual names of joints that fit into those categories. |
| Structural: tells you the | type of material and structure holding the joint together. |
| Joint Type: gives you the | names of real joints that fit into those categories. |
| Specific JT: Synarthrosis | Fibrous; Suture, Gomphosis |
| Specific JT: Amphiarthrosis | Cartilaginous; Symphysis, Syndesmosis |
| Specific JT: Diarthrosis | Synovial; Hinge (knee), Ball-and-socket (shoulder) |
| fossa | a shallow depression, trench, furrow, or hollow area, usually found on the surface of a bone |
Created by:
user-1960297