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types of solids
chemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| solids | have particles arranged in a fixed geometric pattern |
| how solids can differ | different types of properties, different types of forces holding the particles together |
| ionic solids | a metal bonded to a nonmental; oppositely charged ions, high melting point; poor conductors as solids but good conductors as liquids |
| metallic solids | delocalized electrons; "sea of mobile electrons"; positive nuclei surrounded by delocalized electons; good conductors as solids; high melting and boiling points; moblie electrons; malleable and ductile |
| molecular solids | covalent bonds of 2 nonmetal atoms; exists as seperate molecules held together by weak intermolecular forces; soft, low melting and boiling point; poor conductors |
| network solids | covalent bonds of 2 nonmetal atoms; exists as large macromolecules held together by covalent bonds; high melting and boiling points, poor conductors |
| 4 types of network solids | diamond and graphite (carbon); SiO2; SiC |
| dipole-dipole forces | exist between polar molecules;oppositely charged ends of molecules attract one another like magnets |
| van der waal's forces | exists between nonpolar molecules; caused by frandom electron movement creating tiny temporary dipoles; very weak froces; molecules with larger molecular masses have stornged van der waal's forces |
| hydrogejn bonding | an extremely strong dipole-dipole attraction; occurs between molecukes where hydrogen is bonded to flourine, oxygen, or nitrogen; used to explain the high boiling point of water |