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Waves
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Vibration | Cyclical motion(repeating motion) about an equilibrium point |
| Equilibrium | The rest position |
| Mechanical wave | Energy moving through a material due to vibration |
| Medium | The material that transmits energy |
| Net motion | Displacement of a particle over a certain time interval |
| Elastic | Returns to its original shape after being disturbed |
| Transitional molecular motion | Straight line movement of particles in gasses |
| Amplitude | Maximum displacement of a wave from its equilibrium point |
| Waveform | Shape of a wave |
| Crest | Highest(max) point of transverse wave |
| Trough | Lowest(min) point of a transverse wave |
| Wavelength | Distance between repeating points (ex- crest to crest or trough to trough) |
| Phase | X coordinate of a unique point of a transverse or longitudinal wave |
| Phase Shift | Shift of an entire wave with respect to an identical wave along the x axis |
| In phase | Identical waves tha have the same phase shift |
| Out of phase | Identical waves that have different phase shifts |
| Frequency | Number of cycles in unit time(usually hertz) |
| Period | Time for a vibrating particle to complete one cycle |
| Hertz | Unit of frequency |
| Wave speed | Rate at which the wave is travelling through a medium |
| Simple Harmonic motion | Motion that repeats itself at regular intervals |
| Transverse waves | A wave which particles vibrate perpendicular to the direction of flow of energy |
| Longitudinal waves | Wave which particles vibrate parallel to the direction of the flow of energy |
| Compression | The medium’s particles are close together |
| Rarefaction | Medium’s particles are father apart |
| Sound | Energy from vibrating objects detected by ears |
| Periodic motion | Motion that repeats |
| 3 types of vibration | 1. Transverse 2.Longitudinal 3. Torsional |
| Transverse Vibration | When an object vibrates perpendicular to its axis at rest position |
| Longitudinal Vibration | When an object vibrates parallel to its axis at rest |
| Torsional Vibration | When an object twists around its axis at rest position |
| Cycle | One complete vibration or oscillation |
| Wave Interference | Process of generating a new wave when two waves meet |
| Principle of Superposition | Amplitude of two waves is the sum of the amplitudes of the individual waves(waves add together) |
| Constructive interference | Forming a wave with a larger amplitude when two or more waves combine |
| Destructive interference | Forming a wave with a smaller amplitude when two or more waves combine. |
| Media Boundary | The location where two media meet |
| Free End Reflection | The wave moving toward the boundary will be reflected in the same orientation as the incoming wave with the same amplitude |
| Fixed End Reflection | If a media is fixed at one end (or both ends) when the wave reaches the media boundary, it inverts |
| Transmission | Motion of a medium OR motion of a wave from one medium to another |
| Standing Wave | Wave pattern appears stationary (Still). Happens when incoming reflective waves interfere with each other |
| Node | Particles of a medium do not move |
| Antinode | Particle of the medium that move at greatest speeds |
| Fundamental Frequency OR First Harmonic | The lowest frequency that can produce a standing wave in a given medium |
| Harmonics | Whole number multiples of a fundamental frequency |
| Overtone | A sound resulting from string that vibrates with more than one frequency |
| The speed of sound can be measured using : | Echoes |
| Waves travel fastest in: | Solids! Then liquids then gasses! |
| Warmer Air= | Faster Sound! Hot air → particles move faster. Faster collisions → faster energy transfer |
| Colder Air= | Slower Sound |
Created by:
Laraideson9