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AP Gov Review
Executive & Bureaucracy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cabinet | Group of advisors heading executive departments |
| President | Head of state & government |
| Vice President | Preside over Senate, succeeds president if needed |
| Formal Powers | Explicitly granted in Constitution |
| Informal Powers | Not written but used in practice |
| Commander-in-Chief | President controls military |
| Treaty Power | President negotiates agreement contracts, though Senate must approve |
| Appointment Power | President instates officials while the Senate confirms |
| Veto Power | President reject legislation |
| Bureaucracy | Government agencies that implement policy |
| Executive Departments | Major agencies led by cabinet members |
| Independent Agencies | Outside cabinet. Ex: NASA |
| Independent Regulatory Commissions | Regulate industries |
| Government Corporations | Government-run businesses |
| Implementation, Rulemaking | Carrying out laws. Creating Regulations to apply laws |
| Discretionary Authority | Decide how laws are enforced |
| Iron Triangle | Relationship between Congress, bureaucracy and interest groups |
| Issue Network | Broader, less stable group of stakeholders |
| Red Tape | Excessive rules that slow processes |
| Congress Checks on President | Limit executive through laws, funding, oversight |
| Override Veto | Congress and override the rejection of legislation with 2/3 vote in both houses |
| Power of the Purse | Congress control funding |
| Removal | House can charge president with wrongdoing (impeachment). Senate can take away president position with 2/3 votes. |
| Confirmation and Treaties | Senate has to approve presidential appointments. Senate must approve contracts with 2/3 vote |
| War Powers Act | Limit presidential military action without congressional approval |